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The purpose of this publication 
is to furnish such information as 
wotild naturally l)c of interest to 
a tourist making a Irip over the 
Xorlhern Pacific Railway to the 
Pacific Coast. It is intended to 
cover only the historical, scenic, 
physical and railroad features of the 
journey. Wiiat may be termed 
theconuiiercia! f<'aUiresare covered 
in other ])ul>li(ations issued by 
the Company. The populations 
shown herein are according to 
government census of 1910. 



Along the Scenic M i g h W a y 




St. Paul, the capital of Minnesota, and its sister city, Minneapolis, are situated at 
the head of navigation on the Mississippi River. Originally a few miles apart, they 
have grown together, and are now aptly designated the Twin 
Qi "p, 1 Cities. St. Paul takes its name from the log chapel St. Pauls, con- 

structed on the river bank a short distance from the present Union 
Population: 21.'t,7H Station by Father Gaultier in 1841, and named after the Apostle. 
Altitude: 732 Jt. St. Anthony Falls, at Minneapolis, were discovered by Father Hen- 
nepin in 1680, while descending the Mississippi River, a captive 
of the Sioux Indians. The State cai)itol, at St. Paul, is generally admitted to be one 
of the finest structures of its kind in the United States. The great marljle pile, costing 
five million dollars, with its massive dome, is seen from every direction and should be 
visited. Its beautiful interior, the splendor of its mural decora- 

Minneapolis 

Population: 301,Jf08 paintings and other art subjects which adorn it perpetuate im- 
Altitude: So'i ft. portant historical events of the Northwest, and are the work of 

such artists as Cox, Millet, Blashfield, Volk, French, La Fargc, 
Simmons, Zogbaum, Pyle, Potter and Walker. 

The State University is located on the l)anks of tlie Mississip])i, in the eastern part 
of Minneapolis; it is being expanded rapidly to meet the educational demands of the 
State, and now has an attendance of more than five thousand. It is most liberally 
supported by the State, which has a laudal:)le aml)iti()ii to niakc^ it a center of education 
and learning worthy of a great commonwealth. 



tions, and the exquisite beauty of its colonnades and corridors 
have given it fame among our great public buildings. The large 




lour .SNEl.LING. NEAH ST. I'AiL, MINNCSOTA ESTAIil.ISII ED IN 181!» 

[ I'age 3 J 



Along the Scenic M i g h vO a y 




T i T I I T T T j f 1 1 Ijf 1 1 1 f fU ill 
, I ■ i ■ I i I I i I i i i • I I I I I i[ I 1 71 



MINNESOTA STATf; CAPITOL, ST. PAUL 

Fort Sncllinf>-, now one t)f llu- larKcsl niilit:iry \nisis — 2,300 acrivs — in tlie Norlli- 
west, was established by Colonels Leavenwortli and SncUing in 1819 and 18'20. The 
fort occupies a beautiful and comnianding site at the junction of tlie Minnesota and 
Mississipj)i rivers; is reached by a thirty iiiiiiutcs' ride on an electric street car line 
from either city, and is well 
worth a visit. 

The Twin Cities are important 
railroad centers, being served 
by nine large railroad systems. 
besides electric interurban lines 
to neighboring cities and towns. 
They have an extensive jol)bing 
business extending over the 
entire Northwest, also large and 
rajjidly growing manufacturing 
interests. The water power of 
St. Antlutny Falls has been de- 
velojjed, producing 35,000 horse 
power, the greater part of which 
is used by the numerous — 'i?) — 
fldiir mills wliicli line the banks 
of the river in the vicinity of 
the Falls and have a capacity 
of SK.OOO barrels of flour a day, 
making Minneapolis the largest 
flour milling point in the I'nited 

States, and one of the largest in ■ -i minmm'oi.is 

the world. 

Several days can be pn.lilabls :iinl i-nj..y,ilil> sp.-iil in xicwin^' llir 'I'win Cities and 
the surrounding country, but for llie travel, r wli.. li:is .>nl> :i lew ln.nrs to spare the trip 
made twice a day during the Sunuiier season by a sight-seeing ear, at inconsiderable cost, 

[I'agc .11 




Along the Scenic H t g h h> a y 

is recoiuinondi'd. An autoiiioljilc trip frequently taken hy travelers who haxc only a 
few hours to spare, and keenly enjoyed, is as follows: Starting at St. Paul, and out 
Summit Avenue, the principal residence street, to the Mississippi River, then following 
the boulevard on the east bank of the river to and crossing the bridge at Fort Snelling, 
through the fort, then to Minnehaha Falls, immortalized by Longfellow, through the 
grounds of the Soldier's Home, then by Minnehaha IJoulevard to and around Lakes 
Harriet, Calhoun and Lake of the Isles, then through the residence and business dis- 
tricts of Minneapolis, across the Mississippi River, through the State University grounds, 
thence to Como Park and Lake Como, returning via Lexington and University Ave- 
nues, past the State Capitol, and through the business district of St. Paul, to the start- 
ing point. This trip is made in four hours, over first class roads, and gives the traveler 
an opportunity to see the business and residence districts of both cities, their beautiful 
park systems, and numerous other points of interest. 

Almost before the train |)asses beyond the city limits of Minneapolis the traveler 
enters an excellent farming district, which extends westward across the boundary of 

Minnesota and into the "Granary of the World" — the great wheat 
i 1 plains of the Northwest. Anoka, a thriving city, lies on the banks 

of Rum River, its residence district extending south to the bank of 
Population: 0,97 J the Mississippi River. The tributary farming country, rich in agri- 
Altitudc: 90'i ft. cultural wealth — potatoes particularly — affords it a considerable 

mercantile business in addition to which various manufacturing 
lines have been established with sucess. Anoka was visited by Father Hennepin near 
the close of the 17th century. Just after passing Anoka the new buildings of the Anoka 
State Asylum for the Insane can be seen to the eastward. 

From Anoka to St. Cloud the main line tracks of the Northern Pacific and Great 
Northern railways lie side by side, diverging at the latter point to stations on opposite 

sides of the city. Both of these tracks are operated by the Nor- 
Q, /^i 1 thern Pacific thus giving that company a double track road between 

St. Paul and St. Cloud. The Northern Pacific main line continues 
Population: 10,000 to follow the eastern bank of the Mississippi River for a considerable 
Altitude: lO'tOft. distance towards its head waters before it takes the more westerly 

direction towards the Pacific coast. St. Cloud is located in the cen- 
ter of a district famous for its quarries of fine granite. From these, shipments of cut 
stone are made to all parts of the United States. St. Cloud granite entered largely into 
the construction of Minnesota's new state capitol. The industry employs many men 
and is capable of great development. Situated on the banks of the Mississippi River 
and possessing a water power canal and dam costing $400,000, the city has developed an 
important milling business. It is the location of one of several state Normal schools 
for the training of school teachers, and the state Reformatory, the extensive buildings 
of which are seen on the left of the Northern Pacific just before entering the city. 

Little Falls is a spot of wide repute and interest to archaeologists on account of its 
being the probable home of "the most primitive man known in the anthropologic history 
of the Upper Mississippi." Ancient quartz implements found here 
Little Fcllls '"^^ ^^(i\d to establish this fact. 

„ , . . _, Enjoying the same advantageous situation on the banks of the 

Population: b,OiS .,....„. , , -.^, , r ■ 1 i^ n 1 1 1 

... , ,, ,, ^ MissLssippi River as does St. Cloud, Little Tails has also made exten- 
Altituac: llJ'i jf. . ^ , ■ 11 1 1 1 

sive use ot the immense water power and a large dam and canals 

[ Paije 'A 



Along the Scenic M i g h U> a y 




TlIK AKHIAL liRlDGE AT llARliOU KN TUAM E, UL J.I Til, MI-N-N KSOTA 

furnish 10,000 liorsf-powor for flour, pulp and paper mills, iLs oloclrif light |)lant and 
other industries. Its .saw mills, which draw on the forests of the I'jjper Mississippi 
for their lof^s, have a capacity of 70,000,000 feet annually. Its flour milLs have a daily 
oiit|)iit of l.;>00 barrels, it manufactures a sui)erior (|uality of hriek, and its bu.siness 
houses handle a large trade with the rich agricultural district tributary to the cit.w 

Heforc reaching Little Falls the train pa.s.ses a new, large, and very complete paper 
and i)ulp mill at Sartell. 

This section of Minnesota rai.ses large quantities of fine potatoes. Little Falls is 
the junction of two Xorthern Pacific branch lines; one extends north to Hrainerd, Min- 
nesota, where connections arc made for Duluth, Superior and Ashland, and with points on 
the Minnesota & International and Hig I'ork & International Falls railways, extending 
northwaril through Walker, Hemidji, Hlackduck, and Hig l"'alls to the Canadian bound- 
ary and Rainy Lake country at International Falls and Fort Frances; the other runs 
west to Sauk ("entrc. (ilcnwdoii. and Morris. Minnesota, in tlu- crntcr of the wheat 
raising country. 

.\l Inliinational Falls and Fort Frances there is a great water power only just 
beginning to be put to practical use. .\ large paper mill has recently been established here. 

This locality has a great reputation f<>i- tlic immunity which it gives to victims of 
hay fever. In Uainy Lake, only a few miles distant from International Falls and I'\)rt 
Frances, there are himdreds of beautiful islands of all sizes. These are being rapidly 
taken up as summer outing places, to a great extent I)y those who are afHictcd 
by hay fever and who have here experienced, generally, entire relief from this trouble. 

Duluth is >Ituated at the western exirrmity of Lake Sujx'rior. It is named for 
Daniel (ire\\solon Du Luth, one of the most hardy and inlercsting ex|)lorers and adven- 
turers of the .seventeenth century. The city, with Superior, is 
destined to l)ecome one of the greatest cities of the Northwest. 
It is already the third largest port in the world, and the Duluth- 
Superior harbor, with its forty-nine miles of water-front, is one of Population: 78,.'i('i(j 
the best natural harbors in the world. Altitude: 626 ft. 

Skirting this large harbor are immense grain elevators with a 

I I'agr 6 ] 



Duluth 



Along the Scenic M i g h i^ a y 

storage capacity of :i^^,(l(IO,(l()() l.u.slicls; coal docks capable of .sloriii- r.,0()(),()()0 Ions of 
coal; iron ore clocks from wiiicli were sliijjpcd, in 1!)10, more than .'50, ()()(), 000 Ions of 
ore (inchuling sul)-i)ort of Two Harbors), together with Hour mills and lumber and 
merciiandise docks of great maguitiule. 

The growth of the lake commerce at Duhith-Superior is shown by the increase 
from 1 000,000 tons in 1880 to nearly 37,000,000 tons in 1910. 

There are found here large manufacturing and merchandise plants, twenty-six 
school buildings, one of the two or tiiree finest high school buildings in the country, a 
Normal school, a Y. M. ('. A. building, a new Y. W. C. A. building in process of erection, 
and eighty-two churches. 

Building permits in 1910 amounted in value to more than $13,000,000. 

Grain shipments at Duluth and Superior in 1910 exceeded 51,000,000 liushcis, 
and 8,300,000 tons of coal were received on the immense coal docks. 

The city owns and operates its own gas and water plants and gas is supplied to 
the consumer at seventy-five cents a thousand cubic feet. 

An aerial elevator tramway across the Duluth harbor entrance is one of the inter- 
esting sights of the city. 

Superior lies directly across from Duluth on the Wisconsin side of St. Louis Bay 
and River, and it also borders Superior and Allouez bays. The Northern Pacific Rail- 
way connects the cities by means of two bridges and there is ;dso 
^^ . -. an Interstate railwav. wagon and trolley-car bridge. 

Superior, Wis. t,, •. ■ , •',, i i i i -^ i^ i ,• 

^ ' Ihe city IS l)uilt on level ground and, as m Dulutii, enor- 

Fopiilation: JtO,S8'f nious elevators, flour mills, coal, ore, lumber and merchandise 
Allitude: QJfS ft. docks line its long water front, which represents one of the fin(\st 

examples of concentrated industry in the world. 

The city is well supplied with water, electric and gas light systems, street railways, 
schools, churches, opera house, theatres, banks, hospitals, etc. It has a $50,000 Carnegie 
library, a state Normal school, a new $300,000 High School building, new coal docks 
costing $1,000,000 each, new government piers and breakwater. 

Owing to the fact that at Duluth-Superior the important railway systems of the 
Northwest connect with the water transportation lines of the Great Lakes these two 
cities are commercial and industrial strategic centres of great importance. This fact 
has been recognized by the U. S. Steel Corporation which is investing $10,000,000 
in a steel plant on the St. Louis River near its mouth where the fine water power of 
the stream is easily available. 

The iron ores of Minnesota and Wisconsin are shij)ped from Duluth-Su{)erior down 
the lakes and the eastern coal used in the Northwest is largely shipped to, and 
distributed from, these points. 

Large shijjbuilding plants are found and in these many of the monster lake ore 
and coal carriers are constructed. 

The country tributary to the cities is particularly adajjted to dairy and truck farm- 
ing and the prices of land are as yet extremely reasonable. 

[ Page 7 ] 



Along the Scenic Highway 

As a .summer liealtli ami roc-reation resort tlie lake region, ineluding Ashland, 
Washburn, ami Isle Royale in Lake Superior, cannot be surpassed, and hay fever 
patients are entirely relieved or greatly benefited here. 

The trout streams on the Xorlhern Paeific between Dulutli-Superior and Ashland, 
Wisconsin, are i)opular places of resort by anglers. Isle Royale, well over toward the 
north shore of Lake Superior, a very attractive spot where hay fever is said to be un- 
known, is reached by large, modern steamers from Duluth. 

Westbound passengers on the Northern Pacific, leaving Duluth, pass through 
Superior, Carlton, where the more direct "Duluth Short Line" of the Northern Pacific 
for St. Paul and Minneapolis is crossed, Aitkin, on the Mississippi River, and Deerwood. 
a j)oi)uIar and beautiful summer lake outing spot. 

Rrainerd, on the Mississippi River, and the junction with the Minnesota & Inter- 
national and allied railways, is one of the important towns in this part of Minnesota. 
It was named in honor of Lawrence Rrainerd, the father-in-law of 
J. Gregory Smith, one of the earlier ijresidents of the Northern T^ninfrrl 

Pacific. Here are located very extensive machine shops of the 
Northern Pacific, among the largest in the country. The sanatorium Population: 8,526 
and hospital of the Northern Pacific Beneficial Association for the Altitude: 1231 ft. 
eastern divisions of the railway is also located here, on a high 

bluff of the Mississippi River. Brainerd is an important lumber point. 

At Brainerd is located the eastern tie treating ])lant of the Northern Pacific. The 
plant cost $12.3,000 and has a capacity of 1,000,000 ties a year. The ties are treated 
with creosote, wdiich materially adds to their life and durability. 

The country north of Brainerd is a virgin hunting and fishing ground and Brainerd 
is the natural gateway to it. Deer, bear, bass, raascalonge, etc., are found. 

Staples is a district terminal and the location of Northern Pacific machine shops, 
roundhouse and yards. These have been recently extemled and improved to care for 
an increasing railway business. Between Stai)les and Brainertl, 
and Duluth, Miiuiesola, and Superior. Wisconsin, at tiie head of Ci 1 

II- .1 1 . • •• • . • . • .• Staples 

Lake >u|icni)r, a llimugh Irani scrNirc is iiiauitaincil iii (•(inn('cli()n * 

witli traiii> I.I ami from Si. I'aui and Mituicapolis and llir west Papulation: 2.o5S 
ami 111.' Iii|) lip nr down tlic great lak<'s. j-'roni Dnlnlli ami Altitude: 12'JS ft. 
Superior llic Nurtiiern Pacific tracks ami Iraiii service extend to 
Ashland, Wisconsin, thus affording a direct route between Wisconsin and Lake Superior 
points and the Red River \'alic\-, Xorlli Dakota, Montana, and tlie Coast. 

Wadena is locati-d in the Mimiesuta Lake Park region. The tributary country 
produces large cereal crops, potatoes and vegetables in abundance. During the past 
few years tlie creamery industry has been ni.-iking rapid strides 
ami proniiscs to larireK' increase \Va(i<iia's iiiiporlancc as a shii)i)iiiff n' i 

" ^ \> adciia 

i)(jiiii. 

From Wadena a iiraiicli line cxtcmis soutliwesi tiiroiigli a line I'opulation: 1,S20 
farming and dairy coimlry to l"'ergiis [''alls, IJreckenridge, and Wall- .iltitmir: 1-173 ft. 
j)eton toOakes, North Dakota. 

Pirliain was named for .losiali I'crham. tlic first president of tlie Nortiicrn Pacific 
Railroad. Beautiful lakes make it a summer outing jioint of increasing imijortance. 
Splendid fishing and boating and good quail and prairie chicken shooting are to be 

[rage 8] 



Along the Scenic M i g h vi> a y 




M I \ N E90TA 



Perham 



had in season, and tho hotel accommodations are good. It lias 

large flour mills and several large grain elevators in addition to 

other business enterprises. The Ottertail River, rising in the lakes 

Population: 1,376 north of Perham, flows through Ottertail Lake and is one of the 

Altitude: 1390 ft. two main branches of the Red River of the North which flows 

north to Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba. 

Frazee is surrounded l)y a fine agricultural country and is prospering. The 

lakes round about supply good fishing and are attractive pleasuring 

FftlZCC spots for summer camping and outings. The country in the 

D 1 ,■ 1 ,■!- neighborhood of Frazee is the highest in elevation in this part 
ropulalion:l,l>'i-) _ z ._....,,, .' 



Altitude: 1390 ft. 



jf the state and affords splendid climatic advantages for those desir- 



ing to live an out-of-door life (hu'ing the heated summer months. 
Detroit is located on the western edge of the Lake Park region and is a well known 
Minnesota summering place. Beautiful Detroit Lake, with its thirty-seven miles of 

shore line, is exceptionally attractive. On its shores are many sum- 
-pv . • I mer homes belonging to people from the town itself and from other 

distant points. From Detroit Lake a river channel leads southward 
Population: 2,807 into and through a series of other lakes of equal beauty, and each of 
Altitude: 1386 ft. which affords excellent black bass and pike fishing and boating. By 

means of canal locks these lakes and the river are made jointly 
navigable, and small steamers make trips at stated intervals daily during the summer 
season. The trip is an unusual one of its kind, affording keen pleasure and t-njoyment 
to the large number of tourists who yearly visit Detroit and its charming lakes. 

[ I'age 9] 



Along the Scenic Highway 

Ten lakes uf importance arc within easy reach of the town, and as many more of 
smaller size are found within a ten mile radius. The place is very attractively situated 
on the rolling prairie in a healthy country. It has good churches and hotels and is a 
most desirable summer outing spot. 

The drinking water used on Northern Pacific dining cars and trains comes from 
Pokegama Spring on the shore of Detroit Lake. 

North from Detroit lies the White Earth Ojibwa Indian Reservation. This tribe 
drove the Sioux out of Minnesota to the western plains in the days when the Red Men 
enjoyed exclusive occupancy of the country. 



Dilwortli i.- 



ailway division terminal and the railway yards and plant are very 



extensive and in general combine the latest ideas in railway usage. The overcrowded 
condition of the railway yards at Fargo forced the company to 
move to a spot where "elbow room" could be found for the large JDllwOrth 

shops and various facilities reciuired for an increasing traffic, and Altitude: 933 ft. 
Dilwortli is the result. 

Moorhead, located on the banks of the Red River of the North, which is the 
western boundary of Mituiesota and the eastern boundary of North Dakota, is an edu- 
cational center. The state of Minnesota has established a Normal 
school here and it is also the home of Hope Academy (Swedish) -m «- ^i i 

and Concordia College. The city owns its own electric light and 
water plants and is an important shipping point for the cereal crops Population: lt,SltO 
produced in the rich Red River Valley. It has several important Altitude: 929 ft. 
manufacturing establishments and its local business is extensive. 
It was so called after Wm. G. Moorhead, a former director of the railroacl company. 




Just across Liie river from Moorhead lies Fargo, the seat of the North Dakota 
Agricultural College and U. S. Experiment Station, and an important manufacturing 
and distributing center. It was named for Wm. C. Fargo, of the 

Wells, Fargo Fixpress Co. Fargo is one _^of the great farm l* argO 

machinery depots of the United States and has extensive Population: H,331 

wareiiou.ses for the handling of reapers, threshing machinery. Altitude: 926 ft. 

[ Page 10 ) 



Along the Scenic Highway 

plows, mowing iniicliiiu's. and oilier f.ii-ni iiiii)lcn:('nls ami (■(|Mi[)n;('nl . 1 1 also has a 
l-ir<>e wholesale trade. It has a lVd(>ral hnilding erected at a cost of $17.j, ()()(), a $100,- 
(11)0 V. M. C. A. huildiiig and many oilier fine business houses and cosily homes. There 
are several newspa|)ers, two of which are published daily, numerous churches, a fine 
Masonic building, and excellent schools. It is the point of junction with the Fargo 
and Southwestern branch line running southwest through a good farming country to 
Ivlgeley and Streeter, North Dakota. 

Fargo is one of the most imi)orlanl points in the Red River N'alley which valley 
extends to the north beyond the International IJoundary and for a considerable distance 
also, to the south. 

The Valley of the Red River of the North was, some 0,000 to 10,000 years ago, 
a great hike which existed for a thousand years. Prior to that time there was a glacier 
there. The lake, which was 700 miles long and had an area of 110,000 square miles, 
has l)een called Lake Agassiz, after the late Prof. Louis Agassiz, who was a special student 
of, and an authority upon, glacial geology. 

The lower end of the valley — the Red River runs northward — about Winnipeg 
was the "stamping ground" of early explorers and traders. Verandrye was there early 
in the eighteenth century; Alexander Henry was in the region during the first years 
of the nineteenth century, and in ISlii the Earl of Selkirk established his ill-fated 
colony in the vicinity of Winnipeg. 

The valley proper varies from thirty to seventy miles in width and is ;?00 miles long. 

It is noted for the quality of its wheat, and is called the "Bread Basket of the World." 
Diversified farming is being practiced more and more, and flax and live stock are now 
very important products of the valley. 

North of the main line of the Northern Pacific on the Winnipeg branch, which con- 
nects with the main line at Manitoba Junction, Crookston, Minnesota, and Grand Forks, 
Grafton and Pembina, North Dakota, are important valley towns below the boundary. 

Winnipeg, the seat of government for the Province of Manitoba, is situated at the 

junction of the Assiniboine and Red rivers. It is the head of navigation for vessels 

navigating Lake Winnipeg and is in all respects a most important 

vy" ■ antl beautiful city. It is the commercial center of a highly fertile 

^ ° and prosperous region and has made gigantic strides in recent years. 

Population: 135,430 It is a city of great possibilities and well worth seeing and knowing. 

Altitude: 853 ft. The region about Lake Winnipeg was the scene of some of the 

earliest activities in the fur trade early in the eighteenth century. 

Dalrymple and Casselton, two miles apart, are characteristic Red River Valley 
towns and are the nearest points to the noted Dalrymple Farm, a typical North 

Dakota "bonanza" wheat farm across which the train speeds and the 
/"( 1, home buildings of which are easily seen from it. Dalrymple 

is named for the late Oliver Dalrymple, the well known wheat farmer. 
Population: 1,553 and Casselton for Geo. W. Cass, a former president of the Northern 
Altitude: 961 ft. Pacific. During the growing and harvest seasons the grain, in wavy 

billows, extends as far as the eye can reach, in an unbroken sea of 
green or gold, as the season determines, all of it belonging to one farm, harvested under 
the direction of the one owner. This farm has its own grain elevators, its own black- 
smith and repair shops, barns for large bands of horses, and, necessarily, a large staff' 
of employes. There are 21,000 acres subdivided into working units of ;},500 acres each. 

[ Pcje II \ 



Along the Scenic H i g h U> a y 

Its average production is about half a million bushels of grain besides other products. 
In 1911 there were 1,000 acres in corn and 8,000 bushels of shelled corn were marketed, 
besides leaving enough to feed to several hundred head of stock. 

\'alley City, located in a beautiful basin in the valley of tiie Sheyenne River, is 
one of the mo.st attractive of North Dakota towns. It is the seat of a $400,000 state 
Normal school and has excellent public schools. It has a public 

library, substantial business buildings and nice homes. The river, \7 11 ^ /^'i , 
winding through the town, is especially attractive and its wooded "^ •^ 

banks have been improved and made even more inviting by careful Population: 1^,606 
gardening, especially in the groimds of the Nornnil school. The Altitude: 1245 ft. 
town is located in a grazing and grain growing country and is an 
iinixirtant ship])ing point. 

'I'hc Northern I'acific has recently c-()ini)lctcd a new steel viaduct across the valley 
of the Siieyenne River at this point. This viaduct is about three-quarters of a mile 
long and its maximum iieight is 150 feet. There were 1.!, 700, 000 pounds of steel used 
in its construction. This new line and viaduct cuts out a heavy grade across the val- 
ley. It is used principally for through freight, the old line being also in use, thus af- 
fording double track facilities for a number of miles through this section. 

Sanborn is a tyi)ical North Dakota wlical shipping town. Tiie surrounding 

farming country produces heavy crops of wheat, oats, barley and flax. It lies in the 

center of a district which affords many attractions to sportsmen in 

the line of feathered game, and it is the junction of a Northern Pacific Stillborn 

branch line running north to Cooperstown and McIIenry, North ,, , . ^„^ 
^^ , n-i • 1 1- • 1 • ■ • 1 1 1 ' 1 roputation: 3\)0 

Dakota. 1 Ins locality is worthv investigation l)\' tlie liome.seeker ,, . , , , 

, , . , , -III' ■ Altitude: UCHjt. 

looking for low priced lands. 

Jamestown, on tin- James {{iver, is a county .seat and Northern Pacific division 
point, at which are located the iieadquarters of the officers of the Dakota disision. 
It is the home of the North Dakota Presbyterian College and of a 
Young Ladies' Seminary condmlrd liy Catholic sisters. The North j , 

Dakota Insane Hospital, built at a cost of $oOO,000 is located here. 
Jamestown is an important business center and shipping point and Population: 4,358 
is the junction point of the Northern Pacific branch lines running Altitude: 1 430 ft. 
north to Pingree, Carrington, New Rockford, Oberon, Minnewau- 
kan, Leeds an<l Devils Lake, North Dakota, and south to La Moure and Oakes. From 
Pingree a branch line reaches westward to Wilton in the jNIissouri ^'alley. From Car- 
rington and Oberon, branch lines extend westward across the prairi<>s to Turtle Lake 
and to Ksmond, respectively. The surroimding country produces wheat, oats, flax, 
barley and vegetables. 

The country between New Rockford and Leeds, north of Jamestown, has the repu- 
tation of being, jierhaps, the best wild goose hunting region in the west. Ducks and 
other feathered game are also abundant in season. 

From Staples, Minnesota, nearly to Jamestown, Norlli Dakota, the Northern 
Pacific has a double track line. The entire main line of the Northern Pacific is now 
extensively protected by a block signal system. 

[Page 12] 



Along the Scenic Highway 




miiM^' 



iiMni.^i ri\ii: in Ndinii dakijt' 



Dawson lies in the center of a district which usually affords exceptionally good wild 

goose, duck, and prairie chicken shooting in season, and is a shipping point for general 

farm produce. Lake Isabel, near by, is attractive, and other lakes 

Dat greater distances aft'ord outings for sportsmen during the fall 
awson 

season . 

Altitude: 1771ft. This part of North Dakota is stated by agricultural experts to 

be well adapted to dairy farming. The land lies well, will produce 
good crops of corn and, presumably also, of alfalfa, and beans 

of a specially good grade are grown. 

Steele is another of llie very prosperous Xortli Dakota prairie towns. It is in tlie 
midst of a fine farming country that is being rapidly settled up. It is constantly grow- 
ing in population and is the county seat of Kidder County. It has 
Q, 1 two banks, a weekly paper, etc. 

Dawson and Steele are in Kidder County which is developing 

ropuiaitou. oOiJ rapidly into a corn, clover, and alfalfa section. The second best 

Altitudr: ISSOft. j^^.jj ^^ non-irrigated alfalfa in the United States is in this county, 

near Tappen, east of Dawson. This will without doubt eventually 

become a fine dairy country. 

The capital city of North Dakota lies on tiie eastern l)ank of the Missouri River 

in the center of a wide agricultural country. It is the county seat of Burleigh County. 

The state Cajiitol, erected in 188.'! and since improved and enlarged, 

Bi stands on high ground immediatclv iiortli of tlie citv and is reached 

ismarck , i , • r 

l)y electric car Ime. 
Population: 5,^3 Bismarck has an excellent public si'liool system, and is the seat 

Altitude: 1692 ft. of St. Mary's Seminary, a Catholic institution. The North Dakota 

penitentiary is located just in the eastern suburbs of the city and 
Northern Pacific trains pass near it. From its Missouri River levee, river steamers, 
receiving and discharging general merchandise and supplies, make trips along the Mis- 
souri River. Fort Lincoln, a new military post, lies just south of the city. From Mc- 
Kenzie, east of Bismarck, a Northern Pacific branch line runs south to Linton. Bis- 
marck, named for the great German statesman, was the western terminus of the Northern 
Pacific Railroad from 1873 to 1878, and was originally named Edwinton, after Edwin 
F. Johnson, the first Chief Engineer of the Northern Pacific. 

[Page LS] 



Along the Scenic H i g h n? a y 




NOKTII DAKOTA MONEY MAKERS 



Mandan 



Between Bismarck and Mandan, distant only six miles, the main line of the Northern 
Pacific Railway crosses the Missouri River on a steel bridge erected at an original cost 
of $1,000,000. During 1905, owing to the use of heavier locomo- 
tives and rolling stock and the increased train loads, the bridge was 
rebuilt. The new structure is one of the best railway bridges in 
the west. At Mandan, which is a division terminal, the railway Population: 3,S7J 
has large yards, shops, and other facilities. The town is grow'ing Altitude: 1667ft. 
and is an important distribution center. Near by are mines pro- 
ducing an excellent quality of lignite coal. This fuel is a very satisfactory one and is 
largely used throughout western North Dakota where it is found in large quantities. 
This region, the "Missouri Slojje," has been known as a "<attle country," but it is now 
giving way to agricultural developnu-nt on a large scale. The soil is very rich and is 
producing excellent cereal croijs. 

The Missouri Valley in the region about Bismarck and Mandan is historical ground. 
From here \'erandrye, in I7ii, started on his liojx'less search for the "Western Sea;" 
litTc. luilil about the middle of the eightt'cntii ci iitiiry, lived the Mandan Indians, now 
found at l'"ort Ik-rtliold, nuich higher u]i the ri\cr; I)a\id Thompson w'as here in 1797; 
about fiftj-five miles north of Bismarck and Mandan, Lewis and Clark wintered in 
1804-5; Alexander Henry the younger was among the Manilans in 1806; George Catlin 
was here i)ainting the Indians in 18,'}2, and Maximilian and Bodmer sojourned at the 
Iiidi.iii lownsin 18.'5.'{. 

In later time Custer started from old Fort Abraham Lincoln, about five miles 
below Mandan on the west bank of the river, on his last tragic cami^aign in 187G. The 
clump of trees on the i)luff, easily seen from Bismarck, stands just above the site of 
the old post, now utterly gone. To this fort were brought the wounded from Custer's 

Last Batlli- (in tlir T.llllc l?i« ildrii i{ivrr in .bine, 1876. 



Along the Scenic M i g h U> a y 




A NORTHERN PACIFIC STATION AND PARK 



Both north ;inil south from Mamhin tlie Xortlicrn Pacific has recently constructed 
branch lines that open up to settlement valuable sections of Western North Dakota 
heretofore remote from railways. 

At Mandan change from Central to Mt)untain Time, one hour earlier, 
is made. 

Of a number of well to do and promising towns between Mandan and Dickinson 
those here named are the largest. They range in population from 600 to 1000, and 
from 2090 to 2487 feet in elevation, and are surrounded by a fine 
farming and grazing country that in recent years has developed 
very rapidly. Hebron is well known for its fire and pressed brick 
manufactories. Richardton is the seat of St. Mary's Catholic 
college. 

There are numerous creameries throughout this section, and 
plenty of lignite coal and good clay 



New Salem 
Glenn lien 
Hebron 
Richardton 



Dickinson 

Population: S,07S 
Altitude: 21,30 ft. 



Dickinson was named for W. S. Dickinson of Malone, N. Y., and is located on the 
Heart River, and is an important grain and cattle shipping point. Sheep raising has 
also become an item of considerable magnitude in the surrounding 
country during the past few years and promises to be one of the 
principal industries contributing to the future development of all 
the towns along this part of the railway. In recent years the re- 
gion from Mandan to and about Dickinson has been developing 
into an important dairy farming section. This part of North 
Dakota should become very valualjle in this respect. Extensive beds of good lignite 
coal are found throughout this entire region and this low priced fuel exerts a marked 
influence upon all agricultural growth of western North Dakota, which, in recent j'ears, 
has been very great. A good quality of brick is made here. At this point is located 
one of the district terminals of the railway, with extensive yards and other facilities. 
It has the largest flour mill in the state, grain elevators, a fine large armory, Carnegie 
library and .$.)0,000 High School building. 

[rage 16] 



Along the Scenic M i g h W a y 

The thriving town of Belfield has sprung up within a few years, and, with the coun- 
try about it, is progressing nicely. The wide prairie produces good crops of flax, 
wheat, oats, vegetables, etc. The Heart River drains the country 
and adds beauty to the landscape. Tiplfiplfl 

Antelope, Taylor, Gladstone, and South Heart arc otlier towns 
in this immediate locality that are prospering. Altitude: 2603 jt. 

I'ntil recently this was entirely ii live stock country but a great c-hange has taken 
place and it has entered u[)<)ii a new stage of development. 

At Sully Springs and Medora on the Little Missouri River, the tourist reaches 
the heart of a most remarkable region, commonly spoken of in frontier days as "the 
badlands," but which in more recent years has come to be known by 
the more appropriate name of "Pyramid Park." ATpHnrn 

Rich deposits of lignite coal tell that this was a country of 
dense forests in the carboniferous age, and evidence of its later con- Altitude: ,.i^JU jt. 
quest l)y the sea is still found among the fossil remains in Pyramid 
Park. Petrified stuiiii)s also serve as lasting monuments to some of the sturdy mon- 
archs of primeval forest glory. 

Ages afterward, the Fire King marched unliin(lere<l through this region leaving 
a veritable park of i)yrami<ls, tinted and streaked with various shades of coloring, their 
sides now curiously worn and graven by the erosion of wind and storm. It is an almost 
trackless labyrinth of hills and l)uttes and canyons and blutt's groui)ed to form a most 
interesting and suggestive panorama. The peculiar landscape, enlivened by the brilliant 
colors of the exposed strata, creates an impression never to be forgotten. 

About a mile west from Sully Springs and a sliort distance south from the track, 
one of the so-called "l)uriiing mines," a ])(X'uliar plienomeiion of the region, may be seen. 

Medora is naiiicil in honor of tlie wife of the Mar(|\iis DcMores who "went West" 
in llie early 80's and established his headquarlcrs :it tliis |)oiiil. His chateau, erected 
on an eminence a short distance from the town on I lie mhiIIi side of the track, is still 
pointeil out to travelers on passing trains. 

The now famous "Maltese Cross" ranch on which ex-I*resident Roosevelt obtained 
a great deal of Ids western experience, is also located a short distance from Medora. 

This entire section grows a jx'culiar "l)unch grass" lliat is exceedingly nutritious 
anfl fattening. 

Sentinel Butte, to the south of the station and track is an old landmark of the 
country. 

Beach is the last station in North Dakota, the Montana- -in 

North Dakota boundary line being crossed a short distance west ^CHtinel i>lltte, 

from the town. It also i)ractica!ly marks tiie divide between J>eacll 

the Little Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. Intil recently Population: 1,003 

these stations were mere passing tracks — now they are thriv- Altitude: 2779 ft. 
ing towns and the surrounding country is raj)idly being settled 
by farmers into one of tlie best farming regions of the Northwest. 

[Page Iti] 



Along the Scenic M i g h lO a y 




\Vil)aux 

Population: 'iS7 
Altitude: 2(>7',ft. 



Wiljiiux, formerly called Mingu.sville. named fur Pierre Wibaux, a well known 
cattle king and banker in the region is an important .sliii)])ing point for a wide extent of 
live stock territory. 

The section from Sentinel Butte to Wibaux is known as the 
"Golden Valley" owing to the prolific crops of grain raised in recent 
years. This country has been found to be well adapted to farming 
and the lands are being rapidly taken up by settlers. Until recent 
years the region from Mandan to Wibaux was supposed to be a stock 
country pure and simple. With the success attending the later efforts at farming the 
country has wonderfully developed and in 1909 produced a crop of grain amounting 
to 7,000,000 bushels. About two-thirds of this was hard and durum wheat, the remain- 
der being oats, flax and barley. Settlers have been taking up homesteads and are buy- 
ing land throughout this region between the Missouri River and the Yellowstone in 
large numbers, and the next five years will see a tremendous change in the country. It 
is a good place for homeseekers. 



Cilendive 

Population: -2,-'f2S 
Altitude: 20'JlJt. 



.\t (iiendi\c, the railway meets the Yellowstone River, which the main line follows 
for ;5U miles, (dcndive lies ninety miles from the junction of the Missouri and Yellow- 
stoiK' rivers and is the first of the important Montana cities reached 
on the westward journey. It is a Northern Pacific division liead- 
tpiarters and lias imjxjrtant railway shops, yards, and other facil- 
ities. 'I'he city occupies a broad bottom, sloping gently towards 
the river and sheltered by a range of curiously shaped buttes, 
rising to a height of 300 feet. The site of the town was selected by 
(ien. Lewis Merrill, U. S. A., who gave it its name in remembrance of Sir George Gore, 
.in eccentric Irish nobleman who spent the winter of ISoo-oO in this region, hunting 
l>uffalo. Gore gave t!ie name of Glendive to the creek that flows into the Yellowstone 
at this point, and wliicli the railway follows after climbing "Beaver Hill" west of 
\Mbaux. Eagle Butte, just west of the town, is a noticeable landmark and the railway 
engineers met great difficulty in constructing a line along its base. 

[I\igel7] 



Along the Scenic Highway 

In the valley adjacent to Glendive irrigation was tried and proved successful in 
the 80's. This section has developed rapidly and Glendive is an important distributing 
point for a large f)art of the lower river valley. The products are rye, barley, oats, 
corn, and wheat, and particularly cattle, horses, sheep, and wool. 

Between Glendive and the junction of the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers is 
the location of the IJ. S. Government's Lower Yellowstone Reclamation Project, opened 
to settlement Decendier 21, 1908. This enterprise includes a dam across the Yellow- 
stone and irrigation works and the irrigation of about 04,000 acres of land at an esti- 
mated cost of $;5,50(),0()0 by the government, the land to be sold only to actual settlers 
at $42.50 an acre — plus a small annual maintenance charge. This figure includes the 
cost of the reclamation expenditure only, no charge being made for the land itself. 
The farm unit ranges from 40 to KiO acres. The project is one of the most important 
of the government's many projects and opens up a very valuable part of the Yellow- 
stone Valley. The Northern Pacific has recently constructed a branch line from Glen- 
dive northward through the lands of the project. Dry farming as well as irrigation 
farming can be successfully carried on here. 

Terry, named for Gen. Alfred H. Terry, U. S. A., is a live and rajjidly growing 
town of the lower Yellowstone Valley Large shipments of live stock, wool, etc., are 
made from here. The Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway 
crosses the Northern Pacific near Terry. Beyond Blatchford the HTprrv 

Powder River, one of the three or four most important affluents of p , f'nn- A^O 
the Yellowstone River, is crossed. This part of Montana is rapidly (esUmaicd) 

being settled by farmers and others seeking new homes in the west. Attitude: ii261fjt. 

Miles ("ity. at the mouth of Tongue River, another of the three most important 
tributaries of the Yellowstone, has the peculiar distinction of l)(>ing the only city between 
Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains on the main line of the 
Northern Pacific which did not owe its origin to the buihling of the IVT'l - C^' {^ 

railway. It was named after (Jen. Miles, was a flom-ishing frontier ' "^ 

post before the railway reached the Yellowstone Valley, and in th(> Population: 4,697 
early days was an important reiulezvous of the buffalo hunters and Altitude: ^3/7 ft. 
traders. With the extinction of the buffalo the stretches of grazing 
country were occupied by the ranchmen and now the ranches tributary to Terry, Miles 
City, Ro,sebud, and other valley towns, grow hundreds of thousands of cattle horses, 
and sheep. Miles City is a very important wool shipping center for Eastern Montana 
anil is a ijanking and trading j)oiut for a large territory north and south of the Yellow- 
stone. It is a compact, well l)uilt city, and the coimtry tributary to it has become rich 
in agricullur.il wcmIiIi llirough stock raising and irrigation. Dry farming methods are 
nf)w rcclainiiug large areas. 

One nf the earlier irrigation (•nlcri)ri.scs in llic ^f-iiowslun)- \ alley and its tributaries 
is the Tongue River canal, taken out of the latter .stream alxnil fourteen miles from 
Miles City. It waters 12,500 acres of land all of which has not yet been placed under 
cull i\ at ion There arc good opportunities for homeseekers under this canal still remain- 
ing. The land is good, productive, and there is an ample supply of water for irrigaticm 
Miscellaneous crops and alfalfa and fruit are raised and there are good markets. 

I rage 18] 



Along the Scenic M i g h vO a y 




TlliAiV. \HK TilcU SANDS OF MII.KS OF TKOIT STHEAMS 



Two miles west of Miles City lies Fort Keogli, until recently an important military 

post. The fort was built in 1877 by Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. A., and was named in 

honor of Capt. Myles W. Keogh who perished with Custer on June 

'■25, 1876, on the banks of the Little Big Horn River. For years 

after its establishment tlie fort was the most important post in the 

heart of the Northwestern Indian Country, and was occupied by 

both infantry and cavalry in large numbers. There were sixteen 

It was abandoned as an active post in 1907, but is now used by the 

government as a remount post, where fresh horses arc trained for cavalry service and 

"remounts" supplied. 



Fort Keogh 

Altitude: 2390 ft. 
officers' residences. 



Rosebud 

Altitude: 2501 ft. 



At Rosebud the Rosebud River is crossed. The Rosebud Valley is one of the most 
I)irturesque in Montana and is now well settled by ranchmen. 

Near the headwaters of this stream is the reservation of the 
Northern Cheyenne Indians. These Indians are of the aristocracy 
among red men. They have a good reservation, are a brave, nuinly, 
industrious tribe. For many years they have been friendly with the 
whites, whose respect they possess. The reservation lies between the 
Tongue and Rosebud rivers and is about thirty miles square. 

To the west, adjoining the Cheyenne reservation and lying along the Big Horn 
and Little Big Horn rivers, is the reservation of the Crow Indians. This reservation 
has been much reduced in recent years and is now but a remnant of its former large 
dimensions. Both these tribes engage in stock raising and agricultural pursuits to 
a considerable extent. 

The Crow Indians have figured very prominently in all the early history of the west. 
They were the most expert horse stealers on the plains in the old Indian days. They 
have a valuable reservation which they now irrigate and farm in a commendable manner. 
They are a large and fine looking people, peaceable, and as a tribe are quite 
wealthv. 



Page VJ\ 



Along the Scenic H i g h n? a y 



Forsytli, named after (ien. Jas. W. Forsyth of the ariii\-, shares the geii(>ral eliar- 
actcristics of the Yelk)wstone VaUey towns and cities. It coniniands tlie trade of the 
Rosebud \'alley to tlie south and the valleys of the Big and Little 
Porcupine rivers to the north and during recent years has been 
growing rapidly. It is a district terminal, with large railway 
yards, shops, etc. 

In this immediate viciuit\' there are large tracts of land under 
irrigation producing bouutirui croijs of ail kinds year after >('ar 
without danger of failure. 



Forsyth 

Popuhition: 1,398 
Altitude: 2535 ft. 



Custer 

Altitude: £7^9 ft. 



Custer formerly was the railway station for Fort Custer — now abandoned — 
lliirty miles distant, once a large military post located near the scenc^ of the Custer 
battle ground of 187G, where Custer lost his life. Owing to irrigation 
the town is growing and the surrounding region improving rapidly. 

Shortly before reaching Custer the Big Horn River is crossed, at 
its mouth, and just beyond the train passes through the Big Horn 
Tunnel, nearly 1,100 feet long and cut through the bluffs that impinge 
on the Yellowstone River. The Big Horn is the largest of the streams flowing into 
the Yellowstone. 

Rising from the level valley to a height of 200 feet, Pompey's Pillar, a compara- 
tively short distance beyond and to the north of the railway station of this name, is a 
lanchnark of historic interest and of odd and interesting 
appearance. It was discovered by Capt. Wm. Clark, of 
Lewis and Clark, on his return journey across the continent 
in 1800, and half way up one of its sides is still to be seen 
the inscription cut by the great explorer himself, "Wm. 

('lark, July 25, 1800." The ragged scratches in the yellow saTidslouc ha\e been covered 
with a steel screen, placed there by the Northern 
Pacific Railway Company, and are thus care- 
fully protected as a valuable historical souvenir. 
The rock is washed by the waters of I lie Yellow- 
stone. 

Between Miles City and Huntley tin- 
Yellowstone Valley is rapidly being placed under 
irrigation farming. The land is immen.sely 
productive, lies well for irrigation, water is 
abundant and markets are good. This vallc.\ 
is ra[)idly becoming one of the most noted of 
irrigation valleys in the entire west. 

Extending from Hathaway and Roselmd 
to Forsyth, there are 1.5,000 acres of land now 
under irrig.-ition on the north side of the ri\(r; 
between Howard and Myers, and on tlic iKulh 
side i.f the stream, tiiere are between 12,()(l(» 
and 1.5,000 acres under irrigation. On I lie 
south bank of the Yellowstone, west from 
Sanders, there arc about 10,000 acres co\ered \>y canals with a larger acreage east of 
that point about to be irrigated. 

[ Page 20 ] 



Ponipey's Pillar 

Altitude: 2H0',ft. 



T [If ((( (f f f f fir/fffinii 



HHfl-^ 



■''^ 



4 




rtT 



Along the Scenic Highway 




WIIKHK liin GAME IS FdlNI) IN MONTAN.' 



Huntley 

Altitude: 3038ft. 



The fine lands of tlie Government's Huntley Reclamation Project are found at 

this point. These lands are among the best in the valley and are irrigated by means of 

irrigation works erected by the government. There are about 33,000 

acres embraced in this project which was opened to settlers in 1907, 

This was formerly a part of the Crow Indian reservation. 

There still remain subject to homestead entry under the Huntley 
project about 100 farms. The farm units as laid out by the 
government range from 30 to 160 acres of which from thirty to eighty acres are irrigable 
land and the remainder adjacent pasture or woodland. These lands cost the settler 
$34.00 an acre plus a small annual maintenance charge. The lands are sold on long time 
and the proposition is a most inviting one to those desiring new homes at low cost and 
in a region where farm values are bounii to advance and where everything is favorable 
to successful irrigation farming. 

These lands are served by the main lines of both the Northern Pacific and "Bur- 
lington" railways and are close to Billings, one of the largest cities in Montana. 

Pleasantly situated in the Yellowstone N'alley at the foot of Clark's Fork bot- 
tom, Billings, founded in 1882, and named after Frederick Billings, one of the former 
presidents of the Northern Pacific, has grown to be a city of much 
,j.... consequence. It is full of energy and enterprise and is one of tlie 

t> largest inland wool markets in the country. Its tributary territory 

/ opulation, 10,031 [^ already noted for its irrigation and dry farming enterprises and 
' ' " ^' •' ■ live stock feeding operations, and is rapidly increasing in impor- 

tance. 
There is a very heavy acreage of the most fertile of lands suscc[)lible of irrigatidii 
tributary to Billings. On the uplands back from the lower river valley and the 
higher lands under irrigation, there are large areas of very rich lands rapidly being 
brought into cultivation under dry farming methods. 

[I'lige Sl\ 



Along the Scenic Highway 

Two very fertile valleys adjacent to Hilliiiijs and rapidly being settleil are the Big 
Horn and Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone. The hitter is proving to be a good apple 
growing section, some fine commercial orchards being found there. 

Billings has electric lights, a water system, handsome business blocks, good streets, 
excellent hotels, in fact all the accompaniments of a modern growing city. Its residence 
section is attractive and home like. 'I'he I'armly Billings Library, a stone building 
near the station and alongside the railway track, and a new $250,000 Ojjcra House, 
reflect the character of the residents. There is also a large modern beet sugar i)lanl — the 
only one in Montana — of 1,200 tons capacity in successful operation here. It was com- 
pleted in 1900, cost $1,250,000 and uses annually the beets from about 12,000 acres. 

The city has become an important railway center and distributing point. It is 
the connecting i)oint with the Burlington route over which in connection with the 
Northern Pacific Railway, through daily train service is maintained between St. Louis, 
Omaha. Lincoln, St. Joseph, Kansas City, and Denver, and points in the Pacific North- 
west. The Crow Reservation Agency is reached from Billings by the "Burlington." 

At Laurel, another district terminal, new and extensive railway yards have recently 
been laid out. At this point the branch line for Fromberg, and also for Bridger and Red 
Lodge, coal mining centers, leaves the main line, following the valley 
of the Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone, the stream it.self flowing t „,,,.„] 

into the Yellowstone near Laurel. The town has grown very rapidly, 

• 1, • . 1 •. 1 1 i i- 1 "^i 1 I Population: S06 

commercially, in recent years and it has a substantial countrv back / 

,.,„.,,,, 1 • • .• , • ,. , ' Altitude: Soil ft. 
of it. Both dry land and irrigation farming are practiced. 

In this section sugar beets are grown extensively for the 

factory at Billings. 

Big Timber is in the heart of a large farming, stock raising, woo! growing, and 
mining section. It is a good and growing town. The bench lands of the Big Boulder 
and Big Timber creeks and along the Yellowstone in this vicinity 
are among the finest of grazing lands. These lands are now being t>' rr\- i 
brought under irrigation. One of (he largest and most important ° 

of the.se irrigaticju enterpri.ses is liial uf (Jlass Bros, in Sweetgrass Population: 1,022 
Valley. This will reclaim 28,000 acres of fine valley land. New 'l^'''"'^''- ^Od^t. 
projects of this nature are being rapidly formulated. Lands are 
al.so being cultivated under dry fanning melliods. 

Columbus is another of the growing cities of the ^■^■liowst()ne \'allcy, and is located 
opposite the junction of the Stillwater and "\'ellowstone rivers. It is the commercial 
center of an increasingly prosperous stock raising and agricultural 
country adjacent. The trout fishing at tiiis i)oint and at points p i i 

reached from Columbus is excellent. A building stone (|iiarried at 
Columbus has great merit and is extensively used in Munhma. the I'opulatwn: 621 
Stale Capitol at H.-lena being largely constructed from il . Altitude: 362^ ft. 

The vaijc y> of the many tributary streams of tiic iii)i)(i- '^Clluw- 
stone are valuai)lr for fanning purposes. 

I I'ui/e es ) 



Along the Scenic Highway 




Springdale 

Altitude: i^Jift. 



CAHDIXKU GATl:\V \V — OIFK I \ I, ENTRAME T(l YEEEOWSTON E I'AHK 

Springdale is the railway station for Hunter's Hot Springs, but two miles distant, 
waters of these springs, eonsisting of three groups, are well known throughout 
the Northwest, and are an excellent curative agent in cases of rheu- 
matism, gout, neuralgia, dyspepsia, stomach, skin, and liver com- 
plaints. Recent and very extensive improvements liave made this 
one of the most attractive places of the kind in the country. A large, 
new hotel, the "Dakota," of Mission style architecture, costing $150,- 
OOO and accommodating 300, all in outside rooms, with steam heat, electricity, 100 foot 
I)lunge, Solarium, etc., make this a delightful spot the year around for guests who take the 
waters or who simply rest and enjoy the excellent hunting and fishing near at hand. 
Hunter's Hot Springs is 4,000 feet above sea level near the foothills of the Crazy 
Mountains. The Springs discharge 90,000 gallons of water an hour at a temperature 
of 148 to 1G8 degrees. An automobile meets the trains and this resort has become very 
popular with hundreds who have tested the benefits of its pure, bracing air and its 
healing waters. These springs were held in great repute among the Indians before the 
whites settled the country. 

From Springdale to Livingston the railway still follows the Yellowstone River, 
through a valley of much scenic beauty. Livingston is a division and general head- 
quarters, the location of very extensive railway shops, and the diverg- 
T i\rinrrctrk ^"^ point for a short branch line running fifty-four miles south to 

" Gardiner, Montana, the official entrance to Yellowstone National 

Population: 5,359 Park, the Wonderland of the World. At Gardiner stands the im- 
Altitude: 4510 ft. posing lava arch dedicated by President Roosevelt in 1903 and 
spanning the entrance to a region of weird and marvelous scenery 
of most unusual and insj)iring sort. Thousands of travelers from all parts of the world 
visit Yellowstone Park during the tourist season and find it ideal ft)r outings of a week, 
a month, or for the season, which usually extends from early in June to about tiic middle 
of September. For 1912 the season is June 15 to September 15. 

At Livingston passengers desiring to visit Yellowstone Park may obtain stopovers 
on all tickets, and holders of sleeping car tickets may also obtain stopover checks, on 
request, of the sleeping car conductors. The regular tour of Yellowstone Park is, for 
convenience sake, based on a schedule of six days, from Livingston, but may be extended 
at will. It embraces a fine coaching trip of 143 miles, most of the way over hard, sprinkled 

[Page S3] 



Along the Scenic Highway 

roadways which h^ad in turn to all the fjreat geyser basins, Yellowstone Lake, the magnifi- 
cent Grand Canj-on and, finally, back to Mammoth Hot Springs and the hotel at that 
j)oint, from which the return trip by six horse coach to the railway at Gardiner is made. 
The coaches which form a part of the largest transportation equipment of this character 
found anywhere, are made especially for Park travel and are in every way most com- 
fortable and easy riding. The journey through Wonderland is one of the most enjoy- 
able recreations in the world. The sprinkling of the roads, daily, prevents any dis- 
agreeable experiences from dust. 

Just before reaching Gardiner, (orwin Hot Springs are passetl, at Corwin. The 
biths are very popular and modern accommodations in every respect are found. 

The Northern Pacific Railway has an imposing passenger station at Livingston for 
the accommodation of the extensive travel handled at this point during the park season. 

Just below the gap in the mountains, easily seen from the train and town. Captain 
Win. (lark, of Lewis and Clark, camped one noon in 180G, on his return journey to 
St. Louis from the Pacific Ocean. 

From a point just east of Livingston a new line extends nearly 30 miles up the 
Shields River \'alley to Clyde Park and Wilsall. This valley is one of the finest in the 
west and land can be purchased at very low prices. 

I r r i ff a t i n a n d Dry Fa r m i n g- 

West, from Hillings to Livingston, irrigation is found to be a prominent feature 
(if the Yellowstone Valley. All the towns here named are centers of irrigation plants, 
and there are many thousands of acres of lands in the aggregate now under irrigation. 
In many of the tributary streams of the Yellowstone — the Tongue, I5ig Horn, Rosebud, 
Clark's Fork, Shields, etc. — there are extensive areas under irrigation and these are 
constantly being augmented. Homesteaders and other Homcseekers are rapidly taking 
up the available lands and experiencing the delights of farming where every farmer 
controls the matter of raitifal! through irrigation. 

In recent years so <m11c.1 ""dry farming" has becouic a \<'r\ iinporlaut matter in 
Xorth Dakota and Montana. This method of farming, w1um-c [)recipitation is small 
and irrigation is impracticable', is simple, easily understood, has [)rov(>d su(?cessftil, and 
under it a large area of land is rapidly being reclaimed from a desert slate. 

A dry land farm north (jf Millings took the first i>rize for alfalfa in tlie world com- 
petition at the New York Land Slu)W in November, 1!)11. 

In North Dakota an<l Montana between the Missouri l{i\(T mikI tiie Mountains, 
from tliirty In fifty per cent of liic :irr.i is ;i\ ail.ililc I'cir ■"dry rarniiiit:" and of this not 
more than ten p( r cent is occujjied at the present time. .\ rare oijjxirlunity is presented 
of obtaining good farms in this region at low prices. 

Cn)ssi)ig the Belt Ranffe (it Bozeman Tunnel 

!■ r Livingston westward the railway crosses liie Belt r.iiige of the Rockies at 

Ho/.enian Tunnel, at an altiliidi- of .^..jO^ feet above .sea level. Pa.ssing the tunnel, 
which is .'i,().51 feet in length, tlic line nms through the wild and beautiful defile of Rocky 
Canyon, out into the broad and fertile valley of the (Jallatin River. 

Chestnut, just west of the tunnel, is a shipi)ing station for coal mines wiiieh turn 
out an excellent fuel coal, w it li u liii ii tlic surrounding mount ;i ins a re abundantly sujjplied. 

I /'«!/<■ i"/ 1 



Along the Scenic Highway 




FROM THE LARGE STREAMS COME THE IRRIGATION CANALS 



l^ozeman 

I'opiildtion: 5.10 
Altitude: ',773 ft. 



IJozeinan lies in the licart of the Gallatin \'alley, sheltered on the south by the high 

Gallatin Range while to the north looms the Bridger Range, both being parts of the 

main chain of the Rocky Mountains. The great mountain peaks, 

many of them bearing their hoary mantles of perptual snow, are 

beautiful and impressive in the extreme. Sacagawea Peak is one 

of the highest peaks of the Bridger Range. It is named for the 

heroic Shoshone Indian, "Birdwoman," wht) accompanied Lewis 

and Clark in 180-1-6 and who pointed out the pass which Captain 

Clark used at tlii.s point in 180S in crossing from the Gallatin to the Yellowstone Valley, 

anil which is the one now traversed by the railway. 

Bozeman is one of the oldest towns in Montana. It was first settled in 1804 by 
John M. Bozeman, a pioneer who, a few years afterward, was murdered by Indians, on 
the Yellowstone River below Livingston. Later, Fort Ellis, seen just before reaching 
Bozeman, was established for the jirotection of tlie settlers in the valley. l)ut was al)an- 
doned in 1887. 

In the mountains around Bozeman the scenery is exceptionally fine and there is 
good fishing in the streams and lakes. For summer outings the locality excels and 
there are several permanent camps for tourists maintained. 



The Gallatin ^'alley produces the finest barle\' in the world and much of it is annually 

exported to (Jermany. Irrigation has done wonders for the Gallatin \'alley, having 

made it one of the richest and best known agricultural sections of 

the entire west. The Montana State Agricultural College and 

Experiment Station is located at Bozeman. 

The Gallatin Valley took the first prize in both the oats and 
Ijarley competition, open to the entire country, at the New York 



Belgrade 

Population: oHl 
Altitude: Jtf,67fl. 



(Jeiltral Park I^and Show, in November, 1911. 



Altitude: 1,321, ft. 

Manhattan 

Altitude: 1,255 ft. 



The places here named are located in the heart of the fanning 
(■()unlr\- in the Gallatin \'alley. Near Manhattan is what is 
probably the largest barley farm in the world, and an extensive 
malting plant. The huge elevators located at several points in 
this valley are a striking feature. 
The surrounding country produces an abunilance and variety of crops; wheat, 
oats, barley, alfalfa, clover, timothy, with all the vegetables of tlu^ north temperate zone. 

( Vage 25 ) 



Along the Scenic M i g h W a y 

Irrigation and dry farniiiig- arc both carried on successfully, the irrigated areas pro- 
ducing admirable yields of fruits, large and small, and vegetables. 

The valley land has long been held in large ownerships but the large farms are now 
being gradually subdivided and sold to newcomers in smaller tracts. 

Logan is the point where the main lines diverge, one via Helena, the other via 
Butte, coming together again at Garrison, across the mountains. Near by are the 
Three Forks of the Missouri River. 

When Lewis and Clark, slowlv ascending the Missouri River t 

in 1805, reached the "Tlirce Forks" they were unable to decide ^ 

which stream could in truth be considered the Missouri. They Altitude: Jtlllf ft. 
finally gave separate names to the streams calling one the Madison, 
another the Jefferson, and the third the Gallatin River. Later explorations showed 
that to the Jefferson might properly have been given the name of the main river, and 
the action of the explorers thus curtailed the Missouri of 300 miles of its rightful length 
by confining the name to that section lying below this junction. 

The region about Logan and the Three Forks was formerly debatable and bloody 
ground among the Indian tribes and the early efforts of the whites to establish trading 
posts here proved disastrous failures. 

After leaving Logan, the line, via Helena, runs through a pleasing gorge along the 
Missouri River, traversing a mining and ranch country, with distant mountains, the 
Belt Range, in sight. At Trident there are large deposits of raw cement, and a cement 
factory established at an expenditure of $1,500,000. In the Belt Mountains lies Con- 
federate Gulch, noted in the early days of Montana for the wonderful and phenomenal 
richness of its j)lacer diggings. More than $10,000,000 of gold has been panned out of 
its sands. 

Helena, the Capital of Montana, — its main street tracing the wonderful gold bear- 
ing Last Chance Gulch which during its life produced probably $40,000,000, — is a city 
strongly flavored with the romance of pioneer gold hunting and 
frontier days. It is now a fine residence city with a satisfactory tt ^ 

and growing volume of commerce flowing through the usual chan- 
nels and one finds it hard to reconcile its present quiet attractiveness Population: 12,515 
witli the tales of former vigilante days in Montana. Helena was at Altitude: 3955 ft. 
one time or another, the home of "X" Beidler, Col. W. F. Sanders, 

N. P. Langford, and others — Vigilantes, who were important factors in rcdcciiiing Mon- 
tana from the reign of lawlessness and disorder which for a lime held sway in the rough 
days of early settlement. Helena's initial history is of the thrilling sort. The great 
I)laccr deposits first made Helena, and even now, one may see the thrifty Chinaman 
laboriously panning over the "dumps" of former days reclaiming stray and profitable 
bits of gold which were ovcrlooi'vcd 1)\- I he cailicr iniiicrs. Helena was named in ISOl. 
after the town of Helena, in Scott (Jounty, Minnesota. The original |)ri)iiiiM(i;ili()ii of 
tlie word was Hel-e'na, not Ilel'-cna as now given. 

Helena has one of the most attracti\ c i)ri\al(' club houses in the west. The Montana, 
occupying a new and handsome building in tiic lieart of the city. The Government 
lUiilding and Postoffice is a fine structure suriiiouiiliiig a licigiit adjacent li> the business 
district. 

[ I'uge SG] 



Along the Scenic M i g h pi? a y 

1^ 




THE COLONIAL HOTEL, YELLOWSTONE LAKE, IX YELLOWSTONE PARK 

Tlie c-ity has good liotds, churilu's. and a fine i)ul)lic liluary. Tlic new Mdiitaiia 
State Capito! is an imjjosing struftiire located on a connnanding site in the eastern 
])art of the city and its dome may 1m> seen from many miles around. A new Iiotei cost- 
iiit; several hundred thousand dollars is now under construetion. 

Helena is the center of an extensive mineral region and there is a large smelter at 
East Helena, passed just before Helena itself is reached. 

Educational facilities are good and the city is the seat of the Montana Wesleyan 
I'niversity, a Methodist institution, which is about to add largely to its facilities. 

Helena is a Northern Pacific division and district terminal. 

North from Helena can be seen the "Bear's Tooth," a well known land mark, 
and near this peak and easily reached by wagon road from Helena are the "Gates of 
the Rocky Mountains," marking the limits of a fine canyon first seen and emphasized 
by Lewis and Clark in 180.5. The canyon is several miles in length, the walls from 1.000 
to 1,200 feet high, and it is well worth a visit. 

Fort Harrison is a U. S. Army j^ost just west of the city and in sight from the cars 

Crossing- the Main Rockies at Mullan Tunnel 

Westward from Helena the main line of the Northern Pacific Railway climbs again 
into the heart of the mountains crossing the Main Range of the Rockies at Mullan 
Pass by means of a tunnel 3,875 feet in length at an altitude of .5,50(5 feet. Looking 
east from the line as it approaches the tunnel, one of the most picturesque regions in 
Montana lies spread out below. The forest covered mountain sides, broken here and 
there by lofty peaks or giant rocks, present an inspiring panorama. 

Garrison, on the Deer Lodge River is the junclitju of the Helena line and the other 
division of the main line running by way of Butte. It was named for \Vm. Lloyd 
Garrison, the noted anti-slavery agitator before the civil war. 

Usually, there are a number of Cree Lidians at the stati<in with 
Indian wares to sell. 

Altitude: 43JfIt ff. At this point the river Ix-comes the Hell Gate, in name, and the 

scenery changes from a widt', open valley to a winding mountain 
vallev and canvon, wild and attractive. 



Garrison 



[P''UeS7] 



Along the Scenic M i g h u> a y 

Across the Mountaiiis at Homestake Pass 

There is jxThaps no more really interesting railway journey in the United States 
ihan the lonfj ascent of the eastern slope of the Main Range of the Rocky Mountains 
from Lof^au to the summit of the divide at Homestake Pass, 6356 feet elevation, and 
down the western slope to Butte. 

Three Forks lies on the Butte Main line just aljove the actual junction of the 'I'lirce 
Forks of the Missouri from which fart comes its name. It is attractively located in the 
wide level valley and in recent years has made a rapid growth and 
is prospering. It has the benefit of the railwav service of both the rr^i t^ i 

. . . . ' .J. nree r orKs 

Northern Pacific and Chicago, Milwaukee and Puget Sound lines. 

This is historic ground. Lewis and Clark were here in 1805-6; ' o/;///«/(on.- 6/./ 

the Indian woman with them was captured here by her enemies Alntuac: -fOSl jt. 
and carried eastward; one of the earliest fur trading posts in the 
iiiouutains was l)uilt hcr(>, and al)andone<l because of the hostile Blackfeet Indian'--. 

Sapj)ington, on the Jefferson River, and passed en route, is the junction with a 
branch line running south to Pony and Norris. Near Sappington, at Lime Spur, the 
Shoshone caverns, high up in the mountains, are located. At 
present these large and highly interesting caves can be explored q • . 

only after a climb up the mountain, but those who do this will be * ^^ " 

repaid for the effort. The full extent of these caverns is, prob- Altitude: 4'^0o jt. 
ably, not yet known. They belong to the U. S. Government and 
have l)ceTi set aside as a National Reservation named after Lewis and Clark. 

At Whitehall, another Ijranch line diverges to Twin Bridges and .\lder. Alder 
is the terminal station for, and is but a few miles from. Alder Gulch and Virginia City, 
noted in the history of Montana for their remarkable yield of placer 
gold, j)articularly in 18G3 — the year of discovery — and the years -itti •, .^i , ii 
immediately following. At least $(i(),OnO,000 has t)een produced 
from the rich gravels and they are still jjroducing. In this valley, l opulation: .fit 
a few 77iiles above Twin Bridges, is the Beaverhead Rock of Lewis ■lllitude: toil Ji. 
and Clark, now generally called the Point of Rocks. 

Piix'stoiu- Hot Si)rings, just beyond Whitehall, are one of several .sets of hot springs 
found in ( 'entral Montana. The waters are delightful for bathing and of great medicinal 
value. A carriage meets the trains. 

Beyond Pipestone Springs the railway plunges into the very h(>art of the wild 
Rocky Mountain country — a country "standing on edge" as a travehr recently re- 
marked. Winding around great shoulders of granite anil peaks of rocks, tlie line grad- 
ually mounts the tremendous grade, penetrating meanwhile, into wilder and wilder 
scenes, until the thin bands of steel which mark the tracks seem almost lost in the maze 
of frowning cliffs, rocky spires, and boulders massed on the mountain sides, .\fter a 
long climb the summit of the grade is finally reached at Homestake Tunnel, from which 
point the railway begins the descent into the broad and peaceful SiKcr How \'allcy, 
where lies Butte. 

From many points before reaching Homestake, as the train mcnmts higher and 
higher the railway may be seen lying along the mountain sides at different levels, and 
the fra\-elcr is able to gain an excellent idea of the tortuous windings necessary before 

1 1'liijc -28 1 



Along the Scenic H i g h vO a y 




THE MONTAN • 



Butte 

Population: 39,165 
AliiUide: 5Jt90ft. 



this vast mountain wall yielded to the construction of a great transcontinental railway. 
'I'he descent into Silver Bow Valley affords many striking views. The North Coast 
Limited train makes this trip westbound in the early evening, and the valley, some- 
what smoke laden, yet green and attractive, with the fires and lights of Butte in the 
distance, makes an impressive picture. 

Butte is unifjue among the cities of the world. It takes its name from a large, 
isolated hutte in tlie western part of the city. Possessing all the untold wealth of its 
tremendous copper deposits, with thousands of well ])aid miners, 
with a large and growing trade in commercial lines, it is an odd and 
interesting combination of frontier mining camp and modern city, 
smoke-begrimed manufacturing point and orderly and well kept 
residential center. It is a city of glaring, violent contrasts, where 
money seems quite the easiest of all things to obtain, where men 
work furiously and spend the proceeds of their labor with open hand, where the finer 
instincts of modern city life struggle constantly with the old order of things, and where 
the mining camp and twentieth century municipality have been mixerl into one rugged 
and gnarled mass, but have not yet quite blenderl. Butte boasts with reason that it 
is the greatest mining camp in the world, and may, with equal reason, boast of its 
achievements as a modern city. It has a fine library, and Columbia Gardens, in the 
suburbs, is a most interesting park, owned by jjrivate interests. Butte possesses good 
hotels and business blocks, paved streets, and all the iisiuil improvements found in 
older cities, and almost under the sliadow of the tall smoke stacks of her great mines 
stand homes in wliicli the comforts and luxuries of life have been wrought out to their 
finest manifestations. The mines of Butte top her e\ery hill and are indicated by the 
great shaft hoists and smoke stacks j)iercing the sky line and marking where in the 
depths of the earth, the marvelously rich copper veins lie. Day aiifl night, without 
cessation, the year round, the miners delve and toil in these sliafts and cross cuts 

( Vmje 29 ] 



Along the Scenic Highway 

sending ton after ton of the valuable gray ore to the surface to be quickly transferred 
to the smelters and there reduced to merchantable metal. The Butte mines have pro- 
duced approximately, $800,000,000, of which sixty per cent has come from copper. 
It produces 30% of the copper mined in the United States. 

Butte, seen at night, with its thousands of dancing electric lights and the glare of 
fire from its huge smelters, presents a sight one will never forget. 

The small stream known at Butte as the Silver Bow River is followed by the railway 
and becomes successively the Deer Lodge, Hell Gate, Missoula, and Clark Fcjrk of 
the Columbia before it flows into Lake Pcnd d'Oreille, in Idaho. 

Reached from either Butte or Helena with equal facility, are the Boulder Hot 
Springs on the Elkhorn Branch of the Northern Pacitic, near Boulder on the Great 
Northern line. These springs are well known in the Northwest and have recently been 
improved and rebuilt at an approximate cost of between $100,000 and $200,000. They 
are the eriual of eastern resorts of similar character. 

Anaconda is the great smelter city of Montana and reduces about seventy-five 

per cent of the ores brought to the surface at Butte. Here are located the great Washoe 

smelters and refining works of the Amalgamated Copper Company, 

the largest in the world. They were built in 1902 at a cost of 

$7,500,000. Two thousand men work in the smelters and other AnaCOndu 

thousands are employed in the machine and repair shops and in the Population: 10 IS'i 

related industries and the other enterprises which the city boasts. ... ^ , ,. ^ 

Altitude: 5oJl ft. 
Anaconda has a fine hotel, many nice residences, and is a good 

type of a western home city. An imposing library building pre- 
sented to it by Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst, forms one of its more prominent features. The 
city is located on the Northern Pacific sj)ur line, also on the Butte, Anaconda & Pacific 
Railway, is easily reached from Butte, and is certainly worth visiting to see its won- 
derful smellers. 

Th e Tr i p fr o m Butte to Garriso n 

AW'stward, the railway, in K'a\iiig Butlc follows the Silver Mow Canyon, through 
pleasing scenery. The Silver Bow Canyon soon becomes the Deer Lodge N'alley and the 
town of Deer r>odge is the most important point between Butte and 
Garrison. It is the location of tlic Montana State Penitentiary, the ta t i 

buildings of which are seen to the right of the railway. Just before o 

reaching Deer Lodge, to the west and near the track, may be seen a Population:^ ,570 
large hot spring cone in shape similar to an Indian lodge, from which Altitude: 4530 ft. 
the valley and town took their name. Along the tracks, as the 
train enters Deer Lodge, may be .seen during the summer the beautiful Bitter Root 
flower which grows in many i)arls of Montana and is the State flower. 'J1ie plant clings 
close to the ground and puts forth a beautiful bloom, a single flower, similar in size to 
the rose and varying in shade from a deej) blood red to the finer shades of pink. 

At Garrison, the line from Logan via Helena rejoins the line via Butte and the rail- 
way plunges again into mountain canyons. Between Garrison and Missoula the road 
is flouble-tracked, well ballasted and as fine a piece of railroad as is to be found in the 
country. 

[Page 30] 



Along the Scenic Highway 




LOWER FAI.I. OF THE YELLOWSTONE, YELLOWSTOME PARK — .TIO FEET UIGU 



Down the Hell Gate River 



After leaving Garrison there are many beautiful views of mountain scenery. On 
the left hand may be seen the snow capped peak of Mount Powell. The railway fol- 
lows the Hell G;ite River and Valley which, narrowing, forms Hell Gate Canyon. The 
canyon varies much in width, with high, rugged mountains on either side. The scenery 
at points is of a decidedly wild cast and rivets the attention of traselcrs. In the early 
days it was the main Indian thoroughfare between the Bitter Root Valley region and 
the country east of the mountains, and later, also, the stage route between the same 
sections. 

[Pane 31] 



Along the Scenic H i g h u^ a y 

Gold Creek, the railway station, is located lliree miles from the old mining town 
of Pioneer where placer mining is still carried on. The first gold in Montana was dis- 
covered in 1852 on Gold Creek. Between Garrison and Gold Creek is the point where 
the two sections of the Northern Pacific, advancing from the east and from the west, 
were joined in September, 1883, marking the completion of the transcontinental route 
and a second great steel highway from the Mississippi to the tide waters of the Pacific. 
The first iron spike driven, near Duluth, when the building of the Northern Pacific 
Railway was commenced, had been preserved and was the last spike driven to com- 
plete the transcontinental line. It was hammered home by President Henry Villard. 
in the presence of hundreds of distinguished men from all parts of the United States. 
It was the culmination of a magnificent project and an hour of supreme achievement. 
President Villard, a man with an exceedingly interesting career, died a few years since 
after seeing the country for which he had done so much, fulfill to a large degree the 
prophecies he long before made for it. 

At Druniniori(l a branch line riuis south to Piiilipsburg, a mining town. In this 
region some of the earliest silver mining in Montana was carried on in the ()0's. 

Bonner, at the junction of the Hell Gate and Big Blackfoot 
rivers, an attractively located town, is the center of an extensive t-w j 

111. Ill 11 11 I Drummond 

lumber industry and has large saw mills which supply an enor- 
mous yearly output of sawed timber. A large water power is " ' "'''^' ' J ' 
utilized here in supi)l\ing electric lights and i)ower in the region -r, 
roundabout. . I^OnilCr 
The Hell Gate Canyon, in this vicinity, is of imposing dimens- Altitude: J3i.l ft. 
ions and appearance. There is also much good agricultural land 
along the river bottom. 

Mis.soula, lying in an extensive and beautiful basin entirely hemmed in by fine 
mountain ranges, is one of the most attractive cities of Montana and guards the western 
approach to Hell Gate Canyon. It is a Northern Pacific division 

headquarters and the division staff have their offices in the attract- tv/t' i 

.ti- ■ V r^^ ; r ti i i f MlSSOUla 

ive passenger station at this point. Ihe city lies on the banks ot 

Rattlesnake Creek and the Hell Gate River, a few miles above Population: 12,869 

the junction of the latter with the Bitter Root River. Its surburbs Altitude: S223Jt. 

stretch well away towards the moiiiitaiiis and contain many ijeau- 

tiful homes. 

Missoula is a cit\' of iinuli comincnial iin|)()rlaiicc and has a very extensive Irailc 
with Western Mf)ntaiia and Eastern Idaho. The business section of the city is well 
built uj), of substantial stone and brick structures, on wide streets. Lying almost 
within the city limits are many fine fruit orchards, the products of irrigation, and bearing 
heavy crops. Four miles distant, on the Bitter Root River and well sheltered by the 
mountains, lies Fort Missoula, one of the two or three most attractive military posts in 
the country and an interesting point for the tourist to visit. It has recently been very 
much improved at a heavy expenditure. 

Missoula is the diverging point of llir Hitler fjoot bnmch wiiirh, extending to the 
south, taps one of the finest agricultmal dislrict in Montana, or the west. It is also, 
virtually, the point where the new main line \ia St. Regis and into the great Cocur 
d'Alene mining district tributary to Wallace, Burke, and W^irdner makes connection 

[rage 32] 



Along the Scenic M i g h W a y 




FISHING CONE, YELLOWSTONE LAKE, IN YELLOWSTONE PAHK 

with the old main line, the actiuil diverging point being De Sniet. The Coeur d'AIene 
region ranks as one of the riehest and most productive silver mining camps in the country. 
It lies in the heart of the Coeur d'Alenc Range, 1.'55 miles from Missoula. 

The Bitter Root Mountains and Lolo Peak, to the south of the city, form a beautiful 
landscape. 

Missoula is the seat of the Montana State University, a young but rapidly growing 
institution that has already made its mark, and here also is located the central one of 
the three very fine hospitals maintained by the employes of the railway company througli 
the Northern Pacific Beneficial Association. 



}l 



t h 



c 



Bitter Root V a I I c 



II 



The Bitter Root \'alley. at the foot of which INIissoula lies, is not only one of the 
richest and most beautiful of western valleys, but it is one of the most interesting 
historically. Lewis and Clark traversed the valley in 1805-G and some of their greatest 
hardships were encountered in crossing the Bitter Root Mountains. The point where 
their trail turned into the range is less than twelve miles above Missoula. On the re- 
turn in 1806. Lewis with a detached party crossed the ground whereon part of Missoula 
now stands, and followed the route of the railway for some liistanee up the Hell Gate 
Canyon. 

It was but twenty-eight miles up this valley, at Stevensville, that the renowned 
Father De Smet established liis first mission to the Salish, or Flathead Indians, in 184L 
St. Mary's Mission it was called, and the old church still stands and is used at remote 
intervals. The Indians, however, were removed many years ago to the Jocko and 
Flathead valleys across the mountains. 

The first saw mill and the first grist mill in Montana were constructed at St Mary's 
Mission 

1 P^ige S.i ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h v? a y 

Nearly fifty miles up tlie valley, at Ilainiitoii, were the headqiiarlers of the late 
Marcus l)aly\s very large ranch and stock farm. At Hamilton one of the best tourist 
hotels in the west. The Ravalli, huilt by Mr. Daly, is kept open the 
vear round, and caters to the better class of travelers. -^^ ., , 

r.M ... .,,-„., -, . . <■ Hamilton 

Ihe Hitter Itoot \ alley is last ac(iuiring a wide reputation tor 
the cxcelleiicc of Die fruit and vegetable products raised by irrigation Population: 2 MO 
within its borders. Large irrigation enterprises are in process of -l""""^' i>OaS jt. 
development. In any investigatit)n of irrigation or fruit culture 
this valley should certainly bo included as its advantages arc manifold. 

Thro u g h the C o r i a c a n Defile 

De Smet, a junction just beyond Mi.ssoula, was named for Father I)e Smel the noted 
Catholic Missionary. Here the main line divides, the old line continuing across the 
Mission Range. A new line recently completed from St. Regis to 
Paradise, in conjunction with what was a part of the old Coeur -pv C»-,-,f»4- 

d'Alene branch, now forms a new main line down the Missoula River 
to Paradise on the original main line at the confluence of the Missoula '4//i<Mde; 32S7 ft. 
and the Clark Fork rivers. This new line avoids the climb over the 
mountains ami at the same time opens up a new and very fine scenic line through the 
Coeur d'Alcne Range of the Rockies. Beyond St. Regis a branch line continues to 
Wallace and the Coeur d'Alene mining country, as previously noted. 

West of Missoula the Northern Pacific main line again, and for the last time, 
climbs the Rockies, and passes over a low divide of the Mission Range at Evaro amid 
beautiful mountain scenes. Fourteen miles from Missoula the line enters the Coriacan 
defile after crossing the Marent gulch on a steel trestle 856 feet in length, the center span 
of which is 2"2G feet above the creek below. This locality has been the scene of many a 
fierce Indian conflict. Hell Gate Canyon to the east, and the Coriacan defile, if they 
could talk, could tell thrilling tales of ambu.scades, night attacks, and l)attlcs, between 
the Flathead and Hlat'kfcct Indians in the early days. Before the Whites came, the 
murderous Blackfcet amlnished and massacred Chief Coriacan anil a party of the Flat- 
heads in the defile which now bears his name. The triumphant Blackfcet retreated 
with rich booty and many scalps, only to meet a like fate a few years later at the same 
spot when a war party was ambushed and wiped out by Flathead braves who thus 
avenged the death of the old chief. 

.\rlcc. the Indian for "Hcm-y."' named in liuuor of a ciiicf of llic l''ial licads, lies on 
the railway near the Flathead .\gency and reservation. W lien about half way between 
Ev^aro and Arlce the agency buildings, about five miles distant, may 
be seen at the foot of the Mission Range. . , 

The Flatheads, or properly, SalisI: Indians have from earliest 
lime l.e.n known as the firm friends of the Whiles. The term Flat- -'^Ifitwlc: 30<.>',ft. 
head i.s a mistake as applied to this tribe who were; never guilty of 
the practice from which the name sprang. 

Besides Flatheads there are Kootenai, Pcnd d'Oreille, and Kalispel Indians on the 
reservation. These Indians are advanced in grazing and agricultural pursuits and 
are (juiti- well off. 

I I'li'je Si ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h y(> a y 

I{;iv;illi lakos its name from l''atli(-i- Ravalli, a hravc ])ri('st who labored among 

llif I'Matiioaiis and allied trilx's for forty years an(i went to his rest in IfSSl, loved and 

revered hy Indians and whites. St. Ignatius Mission, six miles 

|j_ ^^ II- from tiie station, is tlu; oldest Catholic Mission to the; Indians in the 

northern Rocky Mountain region with the single exception of St. 

Mtilinh: >7l',ft. Mary's Mission in tiie Bitter Root Valley. It was established in 

18,j4 and is a most interesting spot to \isit. It lies at the base of tlie 

Mission Range, an unusually fine sub-range of the Rockies. .\ large number of Indian 

children attend the Mission School. These are tauglit and cared for not only by the 

Fathers, but by Sisters of Provitlencc and Ursuline Nuns. 

This is a part of the former Flathead reservation, con taning about 1,42.5,000 acres, 
tlie surplus lands of which, after the allotments made to the Indians, were thrown open 
to settlement in 1909. The lands are rich and fertile, well drained, and large grain and 
fruit crops will be raised on the many fine ranch homes now occupied by white .settlers. 

The Government is working out, on the old reservation, another imixirtaul recla- 
mation project 

To the north lie Poison, Flathead Lake and the Kalispel country and during the 
summer stages and autos make regular trips between Ravalli and the lake. 

Ravalli is the point where the American Bison Society has established the Montana 
National Bison Range, for the preservation of the great American Buffalo, or Bison, 
few of which are now to be found. The nucleus herd was placed on the range two 
years ago and now numbers 69 very 6ne bisons. Other wild animals will also be estab- 
lished on the reserve, and there are already a few elk and antelopes there. 

This bison range consists of more than eighteen thousand acres and passengers on the 
Xorthern Pacific Railway may, between Ravalli and Dixon, see it from the train. The 
southeastern corner of the range is right at Ravalli, within five minutes' walk of the 
railway station, and the railway follows the soutlK>rn line of the l)isou reservation. 

The railway follows the beautiful valley of the Jocko River to its confluence with 
the Flathead River and thence follows the Flathead to its junction with the Missoula 
River. The united streams now become the Clark Fork of the Columbia River and this 
name is retained and marks a river and canyon-valley of very great beauty, stretching 
westward to tlie large and beautiful body of water known as Lake Pend d'Oreille. 

The river was formerly one of the many trade routes of the Hudson's Bay 
Company. 

Paradise is the junction of the two main lines from Mi.ssoula, one acro.ss the mountain 
through the Coriacan defile and the other recently constructed down the Missoula 

River. 
T) !• Time changes here from Mountain time to Pacific lime, one 

hour earlier, this being a district terminal. 

Altitude: 2.'t99 ft. tt • i ^ i ^\ ^- ^ i- i i • -i * ii 4^ 

•' Here is located another tie treating i)Iant similar to tlie one at 

Brainerd, Minnesota. It cost $125,000 and has a capacity of 
1,000,000 ties a year. 

The valley from Paradise for many miles to the west is a level, beautiful mountain- 
grit valley, having a mild climate and, with irrigation, raising about all that one needs 
from an agricultural point of view. 

[ Page So ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h h^ a y 

Plains is a tlirivinjj town wiiich has grown rapiiily during the past five years. From 
Plains a stage ride of ten miles takes the tourist to Paradise Hot Springs. Tlie Plains 
Valley with Paradise Valley lying just to the east of Horse Plains, 
as Plains and the valley were formerly called, were favorite winter- 
ing ground-s for the Indians and their liorsivs in the early days l)efore 
the white man came into the couiilr\-. 

Adjacent to Plains are rich agricultural lands which produce 
luscious apples, strawberries, and otlier fruits and yiehl heavy crops 
of cereals. 'I'lic climate is mild and licaltliful. 



Plains 

I'opiilatiou: 'iSl 
Aliunde: J',S:\ft. 



Thompson Falls is another ])()int of im[)ortance in the Clark Fork Valley, the 
principal industries of which are mining and lumbering. There is very fine water power 
lure which is being developed. 

This is the county seat of the new county of Sanders. 

There is much good agricultural land in the vicinity of 
Thompson Falls, and this, with the almost unlimited water 
power and the extensive timber lands, are l)()und to deveK)i) 
a sturdy and prosperous young city here in the near future. 
There are a $10,000 court house, a good hotel, a $17,000 .school hou.s(>, etc., here. 



Thomp.soii Falls 



PopuUiiion: 325 
Altitude: 3J,62ff 



Cabinet 

Altitude: 2180 ft. 



Near Cabinet the Clark Fork River sud 
denly becomes compressed within narrow 
fluted, rock walls 100 or 150 
feet high, forming a very 
enlivening and picturesque 
scene easily NJcwcd from the 
cars and known as Cabinet 
Gorge. The Montana-Idaho line has now been 
cro.s.sed into Idaho. 

Here tlic niciiiuhiins tlic ('ocur dWIenes 
to the south and the Cabinet Range to the 
north — come close together making a combi- 
nation vcrv efi'ective. 







MONTAN".\ UMSF..S FINE IIOUSKS 



[Page 36] 



Along the Scenic Highway 












Population: 216 
Altitude: 20S7 ft. 



Hope is a picturesque town at the head of Lake Pend d'Oreillc, one of the finest 
bodies of water in the entire Rocky Mountain country. This great lake is fifty-five 
miles in length and varies in width from two to fifteen miles. The 
TT blue waters of the lake fill what was once a very deep mountain can- 

'^ yon extending north and south in its general direction, but with a 

long arm at the north, extending many miles to the west. At one 
point soundings have been made to the depth of 4,000 feet without 
finding bottom. Rising from the water's edge on all sides are mag- 
nificent mountams, covered with forest. Back from the lake on the east, west, and 
south are other ranges of mountains rising tier upon tier, while the north end is also 
hemmed in by an exceedingly broken and rugged country and among these ranges there 
are man}' mining districts. 

Hope is built on the sides of a mountain so steep that its streets occupy levels 300 
feet apart. At this point the old mining trails and the old fur trade routes to the Koo- 
tenai River country began. 

These towns, also on the shores of Lake Pend d'Oreille, have become points of 
considerable and growing importance because of the lumber industry and the big mills 
centered there. At Kootenai, just east of Sand Point and a district 
terminal, a new round house, coal sheds, water tank, etc., have 
recently been erected to accommodate the increasing railway traffic. 
At Sand Point the lines of the Great Northern and Spokane 
International Railways give access to the Kootenai Valley and 
country to the north. Just beyond Sand Point the Northern 
Population: 2,993 Pacific crosses the lake upon an immense steel and concrete viaduct 
Altitude: 2096 ft. which is one of the finest in the world. It is 4769 feet— nine tenths 
of a mile — in length with a draw span for the passage of boats. 
The road from liere to Spokane passes through an exceedingly picturesque and moun- 
tainous region. At one point, at the north of the track, Cocolalla Lake forms an 
attractive picture. The cleared lands are valuable for fruit and general crops and are 
rapidly being thus utilized. 

[ Pauc S7 1 



Kootenai 

Altitude: 2126 ft. 

Sand Point 



Along the Scenic Highway 




AN IDAHO LANDSCAPE 

|{;itlMlruiii i> Inciilc.l (III llu- verge of the great Spokane Plain. Its tributary country 
contains uuicii excellent timber and some very rich agricultural and fruit laud and 
provides a good range for live stock. Reached from here by a short 
drive is Ilayden Lake, ime of the most beautiful and finely appointed i^ 'itlirl 1*11111 
mountain summer resorts in the Northwest and now a very prom- 
inent one and much frequented by Sjiokane residents and other Population: 725 

1 iUitude- 2212 ft 

I)eo])le. .liuiuuL. ^^i~ ji. 



The Coeur d'Alene Miniiisx Region 

llauser Junclioii lies close to llic boumlai-y line l)el\vecn Idaho and Wasliington 
and marks the junction of the Spokane-Cocur d'Alene branch with the Xortlicrn Pacific's 
main line. It is but a short trip eastward on this branch 
from Hauser Junction to Lake Coeur d'Alene, a large and 
beautiful body of water and the source of Sjjokane River 
where lake and river steamers connect witli I lie railway foi 
points on the lake and llie St. Joe River, a trip of many 

scenic delights On this lake are the summer homes of many who reside in S|)()kane 
and (itlier cities nf bhilio :iiiii Wiisliinglon. 

Post i'"alis. the iil<|c>l ttiwii in llie ((nuily, is a growing town located at the falls of 
the Spokane i{i\(i' and lias imnieiise water pnwer at its door, only partly developed. 

\Page3S] 



I la user Junction 

Altitude: 2l!,0 ft. 



Along the Scenic H I g h n? a y 



Coeur d'Aleiie 

Population: 7,2'Jl 
Altitude: 2163 ft. 



Coour d'Alriic <il.\ i.-; a very iiLlrai'live place on Coeur d'Aleiie Lake, al the ter- 
luiiuis of llie Coeur d'AIcue branch of the Nortliern Pacific. It is the county seat of 
Kiintciiai County, has a hirge huuher business, is at tlie 
foot of iiavifj-ition on Coeur d'Alene Lal<e and is tlie ceuLcr 
of iidiuence in this rcfiion. It is a well l)uilt city, lias a good 
hotel, and is growing very rapidly. 'I'his entire section 
is a great summer resort and outing sjjot. 

Wallace. Wardncr, Burke, (iem, Mullan, Murray, 
Kellogg. Harrisuii, towns of the Coeur d'Alene mining region are reached from Spokane 
by this branch line. These well known silver mines are noted for their uniformity and 
regularity of production. They add in the neighborhood of $-20,()0(),()0() annually to 
the commercial channels of the world. The towns named, except Harrison, are clustered 
deep among the Coeur d'Alene Mountains ami are typical and advanced mining towns. 
Harrison is a prosperous lumber town on Lake Coeur d'Alene, at the mouth of the 
Coeur d'Alene River 




The Prosperous Spokane Valley 

From Hauser Junction to Spokane. Washington, the line runs through a \aried 
and interesting country, a wide, extensive, and rich plain in wliicli irrigation is ai)und- 

antly showing its transforming influences. 
o 1 Commanding a trade which extends from the Rocky .Moiui- 

bpOKane ^^^j^^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^^. Cascade Range on the west and which 

Population: 10^,.!iO'i includes practically all of Xorthern Idaho, Eastern and Xorthern 
Altitude: 1019ft. Washington, and much of Eastern Oregon, Spokane (formerly 

called Spokane Falls) is a commercial, railway, and industrial 
center of the first importance. It is a great railway center, the Great Northern, includ- 
ing the Spokane Falls & Northern, the Oregon-Wa.shington Railroad & Navigation Co., 
liie Spokane International, the Inland Empire Electric System, the Spokane, Portland & 
Seattle, and the Northern Pacific Railways, radiating to the north, south, east, ami west 

[ Page 39 ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h U> ay 

like the spokes of a wheel. It is a division headquarters for the Northern Pacific. It is a 
city that has enjoyed an interesting iiistory and a marvelous growth. Spokane is a splen- 
didly built city of fine business blocks and streets, enjoying an unusual strategic position 
with reference to trade and commercial influence, and a location to which nature has 
contributed many advantages. The Spokane River, running through the center of 
the city, tumbles over great ledges of rock and forms Spokane Falls. The falls of the 
Spokane River, with 30,000 horsepower, provide power for the electric lights and street 
railways of the city and also for use in the Ceour d'Alene mines sixty miles distant. 
Spokane not only has many palatial residences in which live her wealthy citizens, but 
few cities have so many attractive homes belonging to the moderately well-to-do. 
Green lawns and beautiful flower beds are seen everywhere and the bright and cozy 
cottages leave very pleasant and lasting impressions upon visitors. In the large grounds 
of the more costly residences natural lava ledges and knolls have been used for purposes 
of adornment with happy effect. 

Spokane is the financial mining center of the Pacific Northwest. The gold, silver, 
and lead mines of the Coeur d'Alene, Republic, and other mining camps in the sur- 
rounding and tributary region have a heavy annual output of precious metals. The 
city is likewise surrounded by vast areas of rich agricultural land producing annually 
30,000,000 bushels, or more, of wheat, all the temperate zone fruits, the latter in rapidly 
increasing quantities which find a ready and profitable market in the mining camps, in 
eastern cities, and even in exportation. Prominent among these agricultural districts 
are the Big Bend. Palouse, Lewiston-Clarkston, Clearwater, Walla Walla, and Col- 
ville Valleys, unsurpassed in climate and fertility in the west. 

Spokane has fine churches and hotels, splendid and widely known cafes, good thea- 
tres and numerous and attractive i)arks. 

Spokane in early times figured as a trading post for many of the Indian tribes 
that roamed the plains and mountains of Eastern Washington. 

Fort Wright, one of the later and more modern military i)osts of the government, 
is in the outskirts of the city, most attractively located on the banks of the Spokane 
River. 

There are many beautiful summer outing spots within easy reach of Spokane. 
Besides Lake Pend d'Oreille, Lake Coeur d'Alene. and Hayden Lake, already referred 
to, Newman, Liberty, and Loon Lakes are popular places of this nature. Most of 
these outing spots are reached either by steam or trolley railways, or both, and the 
majority of them, particul.iriy Haydni and Coeur d'Alciic lakes, are nuicli mIkjvc (he 
usual western lake resort. 

Spokane is a splendid i)oint from which to make fishing and hunting trips. The 
lakes before named abound in bass and other fish, the nu)untain streams nearby in 
trout. ;inil big game is rniind in I In- iii(innt:iiiis. 

The Biij; Bend Count rii — Washington 

The Big Bend cniinln lies west of Sjiokaue and east of the Columbia River. Large 
crops of wheat arc raised lure without irrigatioti. The usual vegetables are also grown 
and live stock and fruit arc important items of w<-ailli. From points on the W'ashing- 
ton Central branch of the Northern Pacific — Davenport, Wilbur, .Vlmira, Coulee City, 
Adrian and others, all prosperous towns and in a rich dry farming country — the Chelan 
and Okanogan regions arc reached. 

I Va(,c .10 1 



Along the Scenic Highway 




TKKHE ARE DEAUTIFUL LAKES NEAR SPOKAXE 



Medical Lake, on llic Northern Pacific's Washington Central branch, is a lake the 
waters of which arc of proved medicinal value for bathing purposes. 

Reached from Atlrian, the terminus of the Washington Central branch of the 
Northern Pacific, is Soap Lake, also well known throughout the state forthemedicinal 
benefits derived from its waters. 

The Palo use and Clearwater Country 

Wash infjton — Idaho 

At Marshall the Palouse branch line leaves the main line for Pullman, Moscow, 
and Lewiston, passing through the rich Palouse country. A line also extends up the 
Clearwater Valley to Kamiah, Kooskia and Stites, with another 
from Josejjh and Culdesac to Vollmer, Cottonwood and Grangeville. 
Through coast passengers now have the privilege of continuing 
their journey west of Spokane, either dirccl or l)y way of Lewiston- 
Clarkston, through the Palouse region, at their option and with- 
out any additional fare being charged. 

The Palouse country, heretofore known principally as a grain country, has of late 
years been rapidly increasing its area of orchards. It is a very rich agricultural region, 
rolling and picturesque. It is dotted with growing towns and cities. 

Rosalia, one of these towns, is an incorporated town, has macadamized streets, 
electricity, artesian well water, and ships nearly 2,000,000 bushels of grain annually. 

It is well supplied with schools, churches, papers, fire depart- 
ment, a creamery, grain warehouses, mills and shops, and the usual 
appurtenances of a growing and progressive Western towTi. 

The richness of the surrounrling farming country affords a 
solid foundation for sut)stantial and continued prosj)erity and prog- 
ress. 

\l'>iijc .',/! 



Marshall 

Altihide: 2137 ft. 



Rosalia 

Population: 767 
Altitude: 2226 ft. 



Along the Scenic H i g h U> a y 

Oakesilalo, an incorporalcnl town, lias all the appurtenances of a modern town, 
including 24 grain warehouses, and is thriving in all ways. 

Like most towns in the Palouse country it is abundantly sup- 
plied with water works, fire department, electric lighted streets, Oakcsdale 
churches, schools, lumber yards and stores. The certainty of crops 
in the surrounding farms insures stability and progress in every Population: 882 
way. Croj) failures in the Palouse arc like Angel's visits, few and Altitude: J ',(n Jt. 
far between. 

Garfield is incorporated and is one of the important shipping points of the Palouse 
region. It has model schools, no saloons, and makes heavy shipments of grain. 

The town, like the other Palouse towns, has schools, churches, 
electricity, fire department, hotels, banks, doctors and dentists, Carfiold 

many grain warehouses, stores, etc., with simdry openings for more. 

We are now well down in the "Palouse country," the great Population: 9-32 
granary of Washington. Wheat and fruit are the principal crops. Altitude: 2.'f97 ft. 
They are, largely, marketed in the coast cities. 

Palouse, also an incorporated town, is one of the larger and more energetic towns 
of this .section. It has modern city conveniences. The Weyerhaeu.ser Syndicate 
have a large lumber plant here and there is the usual accompani- 
ment of stores, schools, churches, etc. There is good water power, Paloiise 
used for flour mill pur{)oses. The Weyerhaeuser plant is a mam- 
moth concern backed by important holdings of timber back on the Population: 1,549 
slopes of the mountains to the eastwanl. Grain, potatoes, fruit, Altitude: 2!i!,-i ft. 
and alfalfa are some of the more important farm products. Palouse 

is the oldest town in this section and is mi the Palouse River, a stream of considerable 
value commercially. 

Piilini;in is a |)i(tun's(|ucl\ IiicmIciI town, incorporated, in the heart of the grain 
district. It is an educational center, llic Washington State College, with an enrollment 
of 1,000 students, being located here. 

The town is well sup[)li(>d with the usual commercial addenda P,,ll»-«r,Ti 

1 • , 1 1 11 1 .^1 .• I X UHIIldll 

necessary and is located aiimnii lulls that gi\e it an attractive and 

pict iircsque aspect. Population: 2,602 

The University is an iiiii)()rtaiit adjunct, has very large grounds. Altitude: 2359 ft. 
numerous fine buildings, and a large and able faculty. 

Between Oakcsdale and Pullman the traveler will see to the westward, now and 
again, Stei)loe Hutic, an historic l:iiii!ni,irk of liic region named after Col. Steptoc of 
the army. 

Moscow is an incor|)oiatc(i and lhorougiil\ iiiodcrn and progressive city. It lias a 
fine public school system, and is the seat of the University of Idaho wliiiii lias more than 
500 students. The surrounding country is a valuable grain and 

fruit region. I lie ;ily being well within I he P.iloii.se region and a lV'Tr»cfirk\x'- 

most imyiortiiTil tnarketing point for it.s products. 

Thr (il\ lias ho.spital.s, theatres, a public library, water Population: 3,670 
works, sewers, creameries, elevators, a harvester and thresher Altitude: 256ffjt. 
factory, fhjiir mill, furniture factory, meat packing plant, etc.. 



Along the Scenic H i g h h? a y 









^■^: 




A laiAIN FIKLD IN THE PALOUSE COUNTRY. WASHINGTON 



besides the usual shops, factories and stores eomniou to a jjiace of this size. The Uni- 
versity has ample grounds and buildings and is a thoroughly modern iiistilution. 

There are both opal and placer mines in the vicinity 

Other growing towns of the Palouse are Spangle, Belmont, I'niontown, (lenesee, 
Kendrick and Juliaetta. 

The L, e wist on - Clark st on Co u n t r i/ 
Ida ho — T Vashington 

The Lewiston-Clarkston district, at the junction of the Snake and Clearwater rivers, 
is rapidly coming to the front as one of the best fruit regions of the entire west. There 
is a large area and great variety of l)oth valley and plateau land liere, 
-r ,• , and climate and altitutle are all that can be desired. 

Hundreds of thousands of dollars have been recently spent in 
population: 6,0^3 sul)stantial irrigation works and the region is on the high wave of 
Altitude: 7^2 ft. prosperity and land values increasing rapidly. 

/^l 1, i The irrigation projects found here are without much doubt 

formulated along the most advanced lines of any in tiie entire 

piaion. ,^0 country, including a School of Horticulture free to local residents. 

They should be examined by all contemplating engaging in this 

interesting and remunerative occupation of fruit farming. 



Along the Scenic H i g h i^ a y 




SPOKANE FALLS, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON — 30,000 UOKSE POWER 

Lewiston is in Llaho, Chirkston in Washington, and a fine steel bridge across tlie 
Snake River and costing $105,000, connects them and makes them practically one city 

Here again Lewis and Clark were in 1805-G and made imijortant history. The 
towns are named in honor of the two captains, and they are enterprising places. 

On the highest prairie lands, — the Nez Perce and Camas prairies of the Clear- 
water country — timothy, clover, wheat, oats, barley, corn, potatoes, and vegetables 
are largely raised, while on the lower elevated lands and in the valleys, vegetables and 
fruit^ — apples, cherries, grapes, peaches, etc., are being grown in large quantity. Cattle 
and hogs are also raised very extensively, the region being specially adapted to live 
stock. 

Where possible, irrigation is used to advantage, but it is not always necessary, 
particularly on the high lands. 

Asotin, Kainiah, Nez Perce, VoUnier, Cul de Sac, Cottonwood, Grangeville, — the 
county seat of Idaho County, Idaho, — Kooskia and Stites are the more important 
towns of the immediate region, after Lewiston and Clarkston. 



Spokane to Pasco 



Cheney is localcd in llic center of a rich agricultural country and is a very imi)orl- 
ant ship])ing point from which is .sent a portion of the wheat from the great "Inland 
Emi)ire" of Idaho and Eastern Washington. It is the junction of the 
Northern Pacific main line with the branch line to Medical Lake, 
Davenport, Coulee City, Adrian, and into the heart of the Pig Rend 
country of Washington. There is a State Normal School here. 



Cheney 

Population: 1,207 
Altitude: 23i5ft. 



Sprague 



Sprague is also a good town anil lies on llic western edge of the 
Palouse region, in the southeastern corner of Lincoln County. 
l"'rom this point large shii)ments of wheat, flour and wool are made. 
Not long after leaving Sprague the train speeds along the shores Population: 1,110 
of Lake Colville, a very attractive and winding lake, forming a Altitude: 1906 ft. 

most ])lr,'isilit,' |)i(l lire. 

It is Hilly williin ii'cnil years lli.it it lias hccii dciiioiistrated liiat this part of Wash- 
ington is well .icLiplcil to grain niisiiig under "dry farming." 



Along the Scenic H i g h U^ a y 




ONE OF SPOKANE S ATTR 



Ritzville is situated in a fine farming and grazin<^ country and is one of tlie 
most important initial sliiiijjing points for wheat in the entire worhi. 

Lind is also an important wlioat shipping and tra(Hng point. 
Ritz\'illt' l^\\*i entire region tributary to Ritzville and Lind has been and is 

Populatiun: 1,859 "ow being very rapidly developed. It is a fine agricultural region. 
Altitude: 1823ft. A new line of the Northern Pacific is projected, and partially 

f . , constructed, from Ritzville which, with one from Connell, also on the 

Liiifi 



Population: 831 
Altitude: 1S(U ft. 



main line, join, and connect at Adrian with the Washington Central 
branch from Cheney. These new lines will provide needed trans- 
portation facilities for a most productive farming section. 



At Pasco, where the main line of the Northern Pacific first strikes the Columbia 
River, and crosses it on a new steel bridge, a l)ranch line diverges to Pleasant \'iew, Walla 
Walla, Waitsburg, and Dayton, Washington, and to Pendleton, 
Oregon, penetrating the rich agricultural country lying along the 
Snake River and towards the Blue Mountains on the south, known 
as the Walla Walla country. Pasco is a Northern Pacific division 
headquarters. 

In future years irrigation will completely transform tliis region 
about Pasco into beautiful orchards and gardens. The town has a promising future 
before it is an agricultural and distributing center. .\11 around it are large irrigated 
areas raising fruits and vegetables of the finest kinds. A large irrigation enterprise has 



Pasco 

Population: 2,083 
.iltitude: 331ft. 



[ Page i5 ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h U^ a y 

entered on the work of reelainiing these vahiahk- lands to the extent of many thousands 
of acres. The water, taken from the Snake River, is conveyed in large underground 
pipes and delivered at the various irrigated tracts under pressure. 

The Walla Walla CoiDitry—Washin^^ton 

The extended region south of Pasco between the Snake River and the Blue Moun- 
tains, is known as the Walla Walla country. It is a very rich section, agriculturally, 
an enormous volume of wheat and other cereals being raised. Of late years horti- 
culture has made great advances, and apples, prunes, plums, berries and other fruit 
are being raised in increasingly large quantities and shipped to all parts of the United 
States. 

The Walla Walla country is interesting historically. Through the heart of it ran 
the old Oregon trail of pioneer days. Below Walla Walla, at Whitman, is the old 
Wailatpu Mission of Dr. Marcus Whitman who was murdered there by Cayuse Indian.s 
in 1848. A fine monument to Whitman, his wife, and their massacred companions 
now stands on the ridge above the former mission. 

The streams that come down from the mountains, the Walla Walla, I niatilla, 
Touchet, etc., j)rovide a water power that is utilized in flouring mills, electric light 
plants, (>tc. 

Walla Walla, the Queen City of the region is a very attractive city both from a 
residence and commercial standpoint. It is a thoroughly up-to-date city, with a U. 
S. Land Office, U. S. Courts, U. S. Army Cavalry Post, electric 

street cars, etc. Whitman College, a fine memorial to Dr. \\[, llr, Wolln 
Marcus Whitman, is located here, making the city an educational 

center. The surrounding region has long been noted for its Poptdatiou: 19,36 'i 
tremend(jus crops of grain and is rapidly becoming as well known Altitude: 'J75 ft. 

for its fruit and vegetable products. 

Waitsburg is one of llie lhri\iiig towns of this .section. With a growing population 
it has good schools and cliiirclics, \cry large flouring mills and shii)s large c(uantities of 
grain. 

While well supplied with stores, churches, schools, electricity, -it^ •, -i 
waterworks, sewer system, etc., the fact that Waitsburg has six ^ 

grain warehou.ses will give a forceful idea of its importance as a I'dpiihition: 1,237 
grain shipping point and of the value of the tributary region as Altitude: 1273 ft. 
a grain producing one. 

Dayton, an incor]jorated city, is the county seat of Columbia County. It is in the 
throes of prosperity, and exports a great deal of grain, livestock and wm I It has seme 
large fruit farms and is rajjidly de\-elopiiig into an iini)ortant fruit 
center. 

Dayton is one of the most iiiiporlaiil |>()iiils in the Walla Walla 
country. Of churches, schools, theatres, papers, l)anks, creameries, Population: 2,38'.) 
elevators, etc., it has the usual quota. Eleven grain warehouses Altitude: llUoft. 
Ix'token the producing capacity of the contiguous region, and one 
of the largest fruit farms in the state is fouinl h<-re. There is also developed water power. 

'I'll!' iJiiii' Moiiiilaiiis arc an important feature of the lanilscape. 

I I'aaf .',r. ] 



Dayton 



Along the Scenic H i g h h> a y 



Pondlelon, Oregon, lies williin lli(> liiuils of the Walla Walla country. It is a 

growing young city on the Umatilla River, and is a trade center for Umatilla County 

— of which it is the county seat — and contiguous territory. A 

woolen mill located here is well known for the excellent character 

of the blankets it produces. 

The city is very attractively located and th(> couiitrv j)roduces 
wheat and live stock abundantly. 

The Umatilla Indian Reservation is ncarliv 



Pendleton 

Population: -'i,'iOO 
Altitude: lOSO ft. 



The L> o w e r Ya k i 

]Wi,s'/n'}i(/fo)i 



m a V a I I e y 



Ki'uni'w ilk, at the foot of the Yakima \ alley. al)out 870 feet abox'e sea level, is 
a town made l)y irrigalion. It is an important fruit shipping point and the irrigated 
farms near tiie town represenl the highest horticultural development. 
, ^ . ^ This entire seition of Washington is made fertile by the skillful 

ivtJl s. diversion of water through irrigation canals from natural water 

Population: 1,219 courses and, a'lhough once dry and showing little promise, it has 
Altitude: 378 ft. been made one of the finest garden spots of the United States. 
Strawberries and small friiits mature earlier here in the Kennewiek 
region tlian any (.)ther point in the Northwest. Alfalfa and vegetables of fine quality 

grow luxuriantly. 

Lewis and Clark, when encamped 
near the mouth of Snake River, in 
1805, went up the Columbia to a 
point above Kennewiek, at the mouth 
of the Yakima River, which they 
eailed the Tapteal Ri\er. 

The coimtry adjacent to Prosser 
is also highly developed by irrigation 
and there is much 
land that is as yet 
unoccupied a n d 
Population: 1 ,'2'JS that is suitable for 
Altitude: 671 ft. irrigation. There 
are some fine or- 
chards in the vicinity. 

We are now well into the famed 
Yakima Yalley where development 
during the past few years has been 
\ery ra])id. The stream now followed 
Ity tiie railway to Ellensburg, Cle 
i'lium, and to the crossing of the moun- 
tains, is the Y'akima River. Irriga- 
tion farms are in sight from the train almost continuously from Kennewiek to Ellensburg. 
On the plateau to the west is the IIor.se Heaven country, a plateau well known throughout 
this part of the west from the fact that crops of wheat are raised without irrigation. 

[ Page 47] 




Prosser 



IN A WASHINGTON KOUEST 



Along the Scenic Highway 

Mabton, like Prosser, and the other towns of this valley, owes its origin and growth 
to irrigation. The Siinnyside region served by the Sunnyside Irrigation Canal, one of 
the most important Government irrigation achievements in the 
west, is reached from Mabton at Sunnyside, and the country to which ixr i , 

it furnishes water, formerly a desert of sage brush, has become a 
perfect garden of fruits, vegetables, forage crops, and like agricul- Population: 666 
tura! products, in unlimited quantities. Altitude: 725 ft. 

Toppenish is also adjacent to the Sunnyside Canal, the headgate of which is a few 
miles above Zillah, just across the Yakima River from Toppenish. This is a very im- 
portant fruit shipping point. The surrounding country offers un- 
usual opiiortunities for irrigation farming and contains hundreds of rp • i 
farms reclaimed from the desert from which heavy yields of apples, ^^ 
plums, peaches, cherries, prunes and other fruits and the several Population: 1,598 
varieties of vegetables and other agricultural produce are obtained. Altitude: 765 ft. 
It is likewise a splentlid hop country, and of hops and alfalfa, the 
latter, the most wonderful forage crop known, very heavy yields are grown annually. 

The Yakima Indian Reservation which lies west of the railway from Mabton to 
Yakima City, it is expected, will soon be opened to homestead settlement. The reser- 
vation contains 1,1-15,000 acres, but how much of this will be open for settlement and 
when it will be opencfl, has not yet been determined. 



Traversing' the Sunnyside Country 

From Top[)enish a branch line extends to Sunnyside and Grandview in the Sunny- 
side country on the eastern side of the Yakima River and Valley. This line penetrates 
the heart of the fertile and irrigated Yakima Valley. 

Granger is the first town on the Sunnyside braiicii after leaving Toppeni.sh. It lies 
on the Yakima River at the base of Snii)e's Mountain. It is a very progressive little 
city and has a good hotel and other buildings and a brick-making 
plant that is run to its capacitv in supplying the surrounding region. r^ 

Alf.alf'i is a most profitable crop in this locality and one largely * 

grown. Tlicri' is one field of nearly .'500 acres near Granger. Population: !i5-i 

Eventually this part of the valley will become a great and Altitude: 729 ft. 
remunerative dairy section. 

From Granger, a liranch of llic .NOrtli ^':lkima & N'alley Railway extends north 
to Zillah. Around Zillah are found some of the oldest, most productive, and most val- 
uable orchards in the noted Yakima Valley. The town is on the 

north bank of the ^'.-ikiiiia Rixcr four miles from Toiipcnisli on the '/-ii i 

... Alll.'lll 

mam line. 

At the New York Land Show in November, 1911, Mrs. Ella 

D. Rowland of Zillali, won a first prize of $,j()0 in gold coin and a $1,00(1 silver cup for 

the finest display of apples in a coriipdil i(jn o|)iti to the worhl. 



Along the Scenic M i g h u? a y 



A/^ 




fOM'MBIA RI\ EI! AND SPOKANE, PonTLAXD i SEATTLE RAILWAY 



Midway between Granger an<l Sunnyside is Outlook, a tlu-iving town in tli<' midst 
of orchards and alfalfa fields that are fast increasing in number and value. 

The development that has taken place in this part of the Yakima 
N'alley in, say, ten years, is marvelous. And it is a continuing 
process. Opportunities are still open to those who love a fertile 
Altitude: /£Jft. g^^\\ j^mj .^ warm healthful climate. 



Outlook 



Sunnyside is in one of the most prolific and extended parts of the Yakima Valley. 

It is a wide awake young city at the southern end of Snipe's Mountain, on the slopes 

of which are found many beautiful homes of Sunnyside people. 

This is one of the oldest towns in the lower Yakima Valley and is a 

product of irrigation pure and simple. 

The orchard tracts around Sunnyside are indisputable evidence 
of the fruitfulness of this rich volcanic ash soil. Likewise the 
alfalfa fields, berry patches and vegetable gardens. 



Sunnyside 

Population: 1,879 
Altitude: 753 ft. 



Grandview is at the southern extremity of the Sunnyside branch line and the town 
is what in common phrase may be called "a live one." It, too, is in tlie midst of alfalfa 
fields and orchards that are enriching their owners. 

The towns from Zillah to Grandview are in a part of the 
Yakima Valley where much attention is paid to growing alfalfa and 
raising livestock as well as fruit. A trip over the Sunnyside branch 
line affords a view of the valley not found on the main line. 

( Page i9 ] 



Grandview 

Population: 320 



Along the Scenic Highway 

The Upper Yakima Valley 

North Yakima is the trade center for all the rich irrigated valleys embraced in the 
Yakima Valley region and it has grown rapidly during the past few years because of 
the rapid development of tributary agricultural lands. It is in 

the center of a remarkable region where water converts a nat- Mnrtll Vll'ilTJa 
urally dry and dusty soil into one capable of almost unlimited 

production without artificial fertilization. The soil is a volcanic Population: U,082 

ash, decomposed, and of great depth, and is, apparently, inex- Altitude: 1075 ft. 

haustiblc. 

North Yakima is a pleasant city of fine residences, substantial business blocks, and 
paved and .shaded streets. It is one of the best points in the entire west from which to 
see the highest results of intelligent and scientific irrigation farming. The surrounding 
country, cut up into small farms of five, ten, twenty acres, etc., is very thickly settled. 
There are excellent schools, some costly churches, electric lights, rural telephone and mail 
delivery, and it constitutes, practically, one large suburban town, where the usual 
isolation of farming regions is absent. This is one of the finest sections of Washington in 
which to settle with a view of pursuing easy and healthful agricultural activities. The 
climate is warm and dry and particularly good in throat and chest troubles. A new 
and handsome passenger station attests the importance of North Yakima as a Northern 
Pacific point. 

Thousands of sheep and cattle are winter fed on alfalfa at the various towns in 
the Yakima Valley, yearly. 

Some of the government's most important reclamation schemes are centered in 
the Yakima Valley. In the Sunnyside, Tieton, and Wapato "units" it is contemplated 
that there will be expended $^,000,000 and that there will be reclaimed 84,000 acres 
of land. The Sunnyside lands lie in the lower valley, the others in the vicinity of North 
Yakima. Constant progress is being made with these projects and when completed this 
valley will have no superior in the value and im[)ortance of its various irrigation en- 
terprises. The Reclamation Service of the govcrniuciil estimates the irrigable area of 
the Yakima Valley that will be reclaimed to approximate 500,000 acres. 

The Yakima Indians on the reservation adjacent to these valley towns have likewise 
profited by irrigation. Their lands have increased in value, they irrigate and cultivate 
them themselves, and they earn good wages in picking fruit and hops for their white 
neighbors. 

Much of the fine hay and forage .shii)])('d from Puget Sound ports is grown in the 
Kittitas Valle.\ — a sub-division of the Yakima — adjacent to Ellensburg. The elevation 
here is such that the climate is much cooler than in the lower valley. 
This section [jroduces large liav cr()i)S, and is making rapid strides TT'll 1 

, . . ,,,, , , ' . , 111- ii<iiensuur2 

in dairymg, hllenshurg now havmg several cTcamcries. wliile skini- " 

ming stati(jns are hx-ated in the outlying districts for furnishing Popuhition: Ii,W9 
cream for the Imller manufactories in the towns. Thousands of Altitude: 1518 ft. 
acres of rich land have iicen brought under irrigation in the Kittitas 
Valley during recent years and this is more and more being de\<)tt'd to fruit, i)arlicu- 
larly late winter apples. In the ftjothills of the Cascades nearby there are extensive 

[ I'ayc 60 ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h i\> a y 




COLUMBIA RIVER AND CAPE HORN, WASHINGTON — ON S. P. A S. RAII.W \1 



ranges utilized for stock raising which make Ellensburg an important shipping point 
for wool, cattle, and sheep as well as forage, cereals, and the usual agricultural produce. 
Ellensburg is pleasant and attractive and is the scat of one of the state Normal schools. 
In the outlying mountains there is excellent hunting and trout fishing. The city is 
a railway district terminal. 

The fine, high, white mountain seen so plainly from North Yakima and Kllcnsburg 
and, indeed, visible from nearly all parts of the Yakima Valley more or less easily, on a 
clear day, is Mt. Adams, VIAIO feet high. It is covered with ice and snow and is a 
typical glacial mountain. From Ellensburg one can also, by looking westward in line 
with the railway track, see the tip of Mount Rainier (Mount Tacoma), the king of 
Cascade peaks. 

Cle Elum is the diverging point for the Northern Pacific branch line to Roslyn 
and is the point from which the Peshastin, Fish Lake, and Swank mining districts are 
reached. In this section there are large deposits of copper, iron, 
y-ii -pi gold and silver, and the Cle Elum mines produce a good commercial fuel. 

In the mountains near Cle Elum the government is converting 
Population: 2,7 1,9 Lakes Clealum, Katchess, and Keechclus into vast irrigation reser- 
Altitudr: 1930 ft. voirs for watering the lands in tiie Yakima \'allcv. 



Roslyn, a branch line town four miles from Cle Elum, is the center of the coal in- 
dustry on the eastern side of the Cascades, and has the most extensive mines west of the 
Missouri River. These mines supply most of the coal used in 
Eastern Washington. The Northern Pacific Railway procures, at 
this point, all the coal used by it between Helena and Huttc, on the 
east, and the Cascade Mountains on the west. 

Leaving Cle Elum the train rapidly ascends the mounlain, tiic 
scenery being wild and very different from the crossing of the Rockies. 
[ Puye 51 ] 



Roslyn 

Population: 3,126 
Altitude: 2266 ft. 



Along the Scenic H i g h h^ a y 

Across the C a s c a d e R a n g e 

After the lunj; ascent of the eastern slope of the beautiful Cascade Mountains 
the Northern Pacific pierces the summit at Stampede Pass with a tunnel nearly two 
miles in length, at an elevation of 2,852 feet. On both sides of the pass there is very fine 
scenery, the Cascades presenting an impressive and attractive panorama. 

On the Pacific vSlopc, the descent of which begins at Stampede Tunnel, the traveler 
enters a great forest country affording an entirely new and refreshing type of scenery. In 
the Pugct Sound region there has been great development in the lumber industry and saw 
mills turning out cut timber and shingles are found at numerous points. Washington 
furnishes shingles, timbers for building purposes, and the common grades of commercial 
lumber to a tremendous territory, extending east to St. Paul, Chicago, and even the far 
eastern states. Washington cedar shingles are marketed in the New England states. 
Official estimates place the amount of standing timber in the State of Washington at 200 
billion feet, which, cut into lumber, would be worth $3,000,000,000. The lumber pro- 
duction in 1910 aggregated more than 4,000,000,000 feet, and there were more than 
8,300,000 shingles manufactured. 

From the Stampede Pass the railway follows Green River, a beautiful mountain 
and trout stream, until the lower country is reached. 

At Palmer Junction the Northern Pacific main line is again divided, the more 
direct line running via Auburn to Seattle and Tacoma and the other via Buckley to 
Tacoma. Through tickets from eastern terminals to Pa- 
cific Coast points are honored via Seattle or Tacoma and Pr,lmp,. Tiiriptinn 
permit travelers to visit those cities en route to their des- 
tinations. Altitude: SO!) ft. 



Puget Sound Country, Alaska and the Orient 

Seattle, founded in 18.53 and named for an old Indian thief, is situated on the east 
side of Puget Sound, on Elliott Bay, in the geographical center of the "Sound Country" 
as it is called. It, with Tacoma, is on the shortest line between 

New York and the Orient at the point where the great tran.scon- Clf>ottlo 

tiiicnta! railways meet the ships of the World engaged in the com- 
merce of the Pacific Ocean. Seattle lias a fine harbor, perfectly Population: 237,19Jt 
protected from storms and accessible to the largest vessels afloat Altitude: ^4 jt. 

at all times and at all stages of tide. Lake Washington, a body 

of fresh water, about twenty miles long, three miles wide, and from fifty to two huiulred 
feet deep, that bounds the city on the east, and Lake Union, covering 905 acres, both 
lie wholly within the city limits. These are beautiful bodies of water and together 
constitute a very \;duabl(' asset l)utli (■oiniiicici.ilix' and sccuicaily. 

The city owns its water .system, the water being brought by gravity from Cedar 
River in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains. The daily capacity of the plant 
amounts to 65,000,000 gallons. The city has more than one hundred miles of jjaved 
streets, about one huiulred miles of public sewers, and about two hundred miles of 
water mains. 

( Page 52 ] 



Along the Scenic Highway 




SEATTLE FROM THE WATEIi FliON'T 



Seattle is lighted principally by electricity. It will douiitless have been noted iiy 
the traveler that electricity is in general use in the Northwestern towns and cities as an 
illuminant. The reason for it is the low cost of the electrical current owing to the abun- 
dance of water powers throughout the region. Snoqualmie Fall, in the Cascade 
Range and twenty-five miles distant, is a beautiful waterfall, 2G8 feet high. It is ca- 
pable of generating 100,000 horse power, and from this and from glacial streams at Elec- 
tron, at another point in the mountains, power is supplied for various electric uses to 
both Seattle and Tacoma. 

The storage capacity of the wharves, elevators, and warehouses on the water front 
exceeds 800,000 tons, and the berths for vessels alongside the wharves are sufficient 
to accommodate a line of ships five miles in length. 

The city has an unusual number of good hotels, apartment houses, and cafes, 
being particularly fortunate in this respect. Some of the hotels overlook the Sound 
and mountains, affording a delightful outlook. 

A new and expensive Union Station conveniently located near the business part 
of the city is a recent improvement of great convenience to travelers. 

At Bremerton, just across the Sound from Seattle, is located the Puget Sound 
Navy Yard, employing about 1,200 mechanics. Here is the only dry dock on the Pa- 
cific Coast capacious enough to dock our largest battleships. 

Fort Lawton, containing more than GOO acres, is a United States military i:)ost 
situated within the city limits. 

There are about SOO churches and church societies in the cit}-, a fine public library, 
a Federal building. Court House, High School, etc. 

The University of Washington is located between Lakes Union and Washington 
in the suburbs of Seattle. It has splendid buildings and a fine equipment, employs a 
large corps of instructors, and has an attendance of 2,000 students. 

The park system of Seattle is a very complete one and embraces some of the most 
beautiful spots within the city. Several of the parks are on the shores of various 
lakes. 

The views from different parts of the city of Mt. Rainier, the snow crowned giant 
of the Cascade Range, some fifty miles to the south, and of the craggy Olympics, across 
the Sound to the west, are probably unsurpassed anywhere in the world. 

Mt. Baker, to the north, another glacial peak, is also visible from certain elevated 
parts of the city. 

[ Page 53] 



Along the Scenic H i g h i^ a y 

Tliort" ;ire a large number of delightful water trips from Seattle to the many inter- 
esting points on the Sound, the more important being to Victoria and \'ancouver, 
British Columbia, Port Angeles, Bellingham, Everett, the U. S. Navy Yard, and the 
Hood's Canal trip. 

Taconia is situated on Commencement Bay at the head of deep water navigation 
on Puget Sound. Built on a bluff one hundred and eighty feet above tide water, it 
commands a view of the vast Olympic and Cascade ranges of 
Mountains and of Mt. Tacoma (Rainier). rp 

At Tacoma the Northern Pacific has its general western ofBct s 
and its principal shops in the west. The Company has recently Population: 83,i4S 
constructed a very large and costly passenger station that is one of Altitude: Ifi ft. 

the finest structures of its kind in the west. Here is also located 
the large, and thoroughly modern hospital of the Northern Pacific Beneficial Associa- 
tion. Besides the large shops at South Tacoma, and the Headcjuarters building and 
hospital in the city proper, the Company has great coalbunkers with a capacity of 
over 20,000 tons, along the water front, to enable vessels to load coal with dispatch 
and at least expense. Along the water front, also, are splendid wharves, and wheat 
warehouses with a capacity of 7.000,000 bushels, at which the immense ocean ships dis- 
charge and receive their various cargoes. 

Tlic harlK)r at Tacoma is one of the best in the world, .\inple accommodations 
for the largest deep sea vessels are provided. 

Tacoma has a large number and variety of manufacturing enterprises. Immense 
quantities of wheat, flour, lumber and coal, all products of the State of Washington, 
are exported to the m;irkets of the world, and a large proportion of the imports from 
China and Jajian to the United States and Canada pass tlu-ou^Ii this port. 

Electric and cable roads connect all parts of the city, and the many miles of electric 
and cable lines in the city and suburbs arc supplied largely from the power works at 
Electron, near the base of Mt. Rainier (Tac'oma). 

Taconia has 1,200 acres of public i)arks, I'oint Defiance Park, (>40 acres, in the oul- 
.skirts of the city, being a large and very attraclivc one. Wrighl Park in tin- heart of 
the city, is another. 

Tacoma's educalional cdvantagcs are many Besides her fine |)iil)lic sciiools lliere 
are the Annie Wright Seminary for yoimg ladies, the Puget Souml rniversity, N'aslion 
College, Whit worth College, and the Pacific Lutheran University. There are 100 
churches of all denominations. 

The new high school was originally intended for a mainmotii liotel, but lias, finally, 
been utilized for educational j)urpo.ses. It lie high up on the hillside, overlooks Com- 
mencement Bay, and is a noble building. It cost $500,000 and accommodates 2,000 
students. .\ new and very fine stadium, or (Jrecian Amphitheatre, has recently been 
completed in connection with the school. This unique and valuable adjunct to Ta- 
coma's educational facilities has a seating capacity for 130,000 persons and cost $135,000. 

Tacoma is well supplied with hotels, The Tacoma having a commanding situa- 
tion nil tlic l)iiifr overlooking the water and with Ml. Itainiei — Taconia — in full view. 
Till' cDinbination of private fresh and natural salt water i)atlis is a feature of this hotel. 
Tiir K)0 or more manufacturing plants of Tacoma turn out a product aggregating 
$50. 001). (1(10 \ early. 

I I'm- r>i 1 



Along the Scenic H i g h i^ a y 




PACIFIC AVENDE TERMINAL, TACOMA — THE NOKTIIERN PACIFIC S UANDSOME HOME 



Taconia was selected as the site for a city in 1872. Tiic name, according to the V . 
S. Bureau of Ethnology, is an adaptation of one of several Indian names for the magnifi- 
cent mountain seen to the south. 

Steilacoom, on an arm of the Sound and near the city, is one of tlie old time settle- 
ments and a place where many Tacomans spend the summer in cottages. It is reached 
by trolley cars. 

The famous Puyallup and White River valleys lie tributary to Tacoina. These 
valleys produce some of the finest hops in the world, also enormous quantities of berry 
fruits. The country around and tributary to Tacoma is adapted to the raiding of fruits, 
hay, hops and vegetables. It is a level, gravelly, parklike region, with hundreds of 
miles of splendid roads that afford the greatest pleasure to automobilists. 

Large coal mines are in constant operation within a radius of thirt>-fi\e miles; 
also several hundred coke ovens. 

Seattle and Tacoma are the principal jjorts in connection with the Alaskan trade 
and tourist trip. There are several steamers plying regularly between the Sound and 
various ports of Alaska, the trade with which forms an important item of Coast com- 
merce. 

Regular steamship Hues are operated from l)oth Tacoma and Seattle to San Fran- 
cisco, Central Amercia, Hawaiian Islands, China, Japan, and Northern Europe, and a 
steamship line between the Sound and London, England, viji Suez Canal, has recently 
been established. 

Of steamships thus engaged the mammoth "Minnesota" is the best known. For- 
eign imports in 1910 exceeded $21,000,000 and exports were more than $10,000,000. 

The waters of Puget Sound teem with ninety-five varieties of food fish, the capture 
of which gives employment to thousands of men. Most of the product of the fisheries — 
halibut, cod, salmon, etc., is shipped in refrigerator cars to eastern markets. Large 

[ Page 55 ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h pt? a y 




STATE CAPITOI., OLYMPIA, W ASIIINCTON 



quantities of salmon are canned at tiie various Puget Sound canneries. This constitutes 
a very important item in commercial lines. The fisheries give employment to 10,000 
men and add, it is stated, $1.,00(),00() to the wealth of the state. 



01ynii)ia, the capital of Washington, is also the county seat of Thurston County 
and is situated on one of the deepwater arms of Puget Sound and is on a direct line of 
the .\orthern Pacific from Seattle and Tacoma to the cities and 
ocean beaches of Gray's Harbor and the ocean adjoining. There are 
the U. S. Surveyor General's office and a V. S. Land Oflice here, 
llie surroiuiding country is ii rich farming and fniil region and IIhtc 
is good water power. The city is a beautiful one of fine homes, 
shaded streets, and attractive parks, is, commercially, prosperous 
and is known as the "Pearl of Puget Sound." 



Olympia 

Population: 6.091', 
Altitude: lOJt. 



Everett 



Everett is but a slK)rt distance from Seattle and is coincnicnily readied l)y eitlicr 
rail or boat. It is a very progressive, well built city and has a great many saw and 
shingle mills. A paper and pulp mill here turns out 20 Ions of 
paper daily. This is the greatest log market in the world and the 
most important lumber anrl shingle point in Washington. Its 
m.>iillily payroll aggregates about $2.'30,000. There are good Population: 2',,SH 
hotels, it is a fine residence city, and it is a city the tourist should i u (. ^ j . 

visit. Everett affords beautiful vistas of the Sound and mountains. 

[Page 50] 



Along the Scenic M i g h vO a y 




MOUNT UAIMEli \ I'. 



I l-,:;ii.; 1 :;i. i high 



Bellingham lies well up the Sound tuwar.l the. International houndary. It was 

formerly known as Fairhaven and Whatcom, the consolidation under the present name 

taking place in 190,3. The city is situated on Bellingham Bay, 

I^Allinclinm 'I'most a fresh water harbor, opposite the San Juan islands. It is 

^ a great manufacturing place and boasts the largest shingle mill and 

ropulatwn: ^4,298 largest salmon cannery in the world. There are large oyster beds 

Altitude: il \\qvq and the country tributary to the city is a splendid timber and 

farming country with good water power. A state Normal school 

is located here. Lake Whatcom, nearby, is a beautiful lake and pleasure resort. 

The trip to Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia by water is an attractive 
and rather unusual one and deserves special mention. The.se cities arc particularly inter- 
esting and the ride from and to Seattle over the waters of the 
Sound, stopping at Port Townsend en route, is one that 
should surely be enjoyed by everyone who journeys to the 
coast. The steamers are large, thoroughly modern and 
.seaworthy, new, and even elegantly equipped. The cities 
themselves welcome tourists and have much to see that 
is new antl very interesting and no\el to .Vmericans es- 
pecially. These two cities pride themselves ujx)!! their 
beautiful natural parks and drives. At Victoria the Parlia- 
ment building and the new Empress Hotel will attract at- 
tention, and the auto ride through Stanley Park at \ ancouver 



\ ictoria B. C. 

Population: 40,000 
Altitude 10 ft. 

Vancouver B. C. 

Population: 160,000 
Altitude: 10 ft. 



will never be forgotten. 



; I'age 57 ] 



Along the Scenic Highway 

Rainier N ational Park — IVashi n^'ton 

► The Mount Rainier Forest Reserve comprises 2,l-lfi,()00 acres of land in tlie Cas- 
cade Mountain region of Washington. Within this area is the Rainier National Park, 
a park similar, in its intended uses, to the Yellowstone and other National parks. The 
central feature of the park is Mt. Rainier, or Tacoma as the Tacoma people call it, an 
ice clad peak 14,3G3 feet high and a peak of exceptional grandeur. An Indian name 
for the mountain was Tahonia, another was Tacobet, the meanings being "nouri.shing 
breast" and "snow covered mountain." Captain Geo. Vancouver, an E^nglish nav'i- 
gator, in ITO'-i discovered this mountain and named it Rainier after Rear Admiral Rain- 
ier of the Rritish Admiralty. The V . S. Covernment has adopted the name Rainier as 
the proper and official name. 

Paradise Park, on the southern sloi)e of the mountain, is a large, wild mountain 
park reached by a magnificent automobile highway, three hours' ride from Tacoma. 
It is a part of the Rainier National Park and is a glorious region for camping. The 
flora is a marvelous one. The glaciers of the great mountain extend down into the park 
and are easily accessible. The grand ice covered peak itself ai)pears to loom imme- 
diately overhead and the boom of the avalanches is distinctly heard, although, in reality, 
the summit is scNcral miles distant. 

A good hotel, tlic {{aiuier Xatioiia! i'ark Inn, is located .it Longmire Springs, at 
the base of the inounlain a I'cw miles Ix-low Paradise Park, with wliich it is connected 
by a good government road. .\ tent liotci is in operation in Paradise Park [jrofuT 
during the summer season. 



Seattle to S u 77i a s — IV a s h i n g^ t o n 

The Northern Pacific Railway line running north from .'Seattle ])ass(>s through 
Woodinville, Snohomish, Hartford, .\rlington, McMurray, Sedro-Woolley and Wick- 
ersham to Sumas 
on the Canadian 
I'acific Railway at 
the b o u n d a r J' . 
These towns have 
grown, primarily, 
fro rii t li (■ g rca t 
I n in licr business 
rniiiiil along this 
line. They are very 
])ros|)erous, and as 
the country is de- 
nuded of its tim- 
l)('r tiie (•ut()\<-r 
lands are di\crtcil 
to agriculture, the 

towns accordingly continuing to grow and prosper. The line runs to a great extent 
through the heavy forest, with beautiful clearings and valle.\s and sliadowy streams 
diversifying the .scenery. Tlic production of shingles and lumber in tlie region served 

1 Vaye 5S ] 




II1I-. W.MI.K I'Kd.NT, I'OUT TOW.NSKM), WASIU NliKJN 



Along the Scenic M i g h W a y 




J.N I'l i.KT ^iilM) 



hy it is enormous. The great fertility of the soil will be noted hy the traveler in the 
farms seen from the train. 

Through trains run daily between Seattle and Vaneouver, British Columbia, via 
this route. At Snohomish connection is made for Everett, at Hartft)rd for points on the 
Monte Cristo branch, at Arlington for Darrington, and at Wickersham. for B<-iIingham. 

On this northern trip Mount Baker, more than 10,000 feet in altitude, ami a mag- 
nificent glacial and timber covered peak, is the pronounced feature of the landscape, as 
it is of the entire region alxmt tlie International Boundary. 



P u ^^ e t S o u n d to P o r t I 



a n 



d 



Centralia 

Population: 7,31] 
Altitude: 183 ft. 



Centralia and Chehalis are the twin cities of Lewis Count.y. Tliey are about 
four miles apart, and are very enterprising young cities. Centralia has many large 
woodworking plants. Chehalis is the coimty seat of Lewis County 
and has a large and growing trade. 

The surroimding country is good for diversified farniirg, for 
dairying and fruit especially, and the timber interests are very 
valuable. 

Centralia is the junction of the main line with the (iray's Harbor 
line running west to Elma, Aberdeen, Ocosta, Ilociuiam and Moclips, the latter point 
near the Quiniault Indian Reservation. 

At Chehalis a branch line leaves the main line running westward to Willapa Bay 
and South Bend and the ocean beaches lying beyond Willapa Bay. 

These lines furnish good train service between their respective 
localities and the cities on Puget Sound and with Portland, and a 
detailed description of the towns along them follows "Portland." 

Tho.se who stop for any time in the Puget Sound coiuitry .should 
certainly vi.sit the Gray's Harbor and Willapa Harbor regions and 
the ocean beaches. 

I Page 59 ] 



Chehalis 

Population: 4, -^01 
Altitude: 188 ft. 



Along the Scenic Highway 




EVERGREEN STATE LIMITED AT VANCOrVEn, WASIIIXCTOX 

Castle Rock is the nearest point to beautiful Mt. St. Helens which rises to a heij^hl 
of 10,000 feet, and is the point from which the St. Helens' mining districts arc reached. 
Considerable timber is found in the adjoining regions. 

The railway here follows the Cowlitz River, an iin|)()rlanl 
tributary of the Columbia in tliis r<'<,n()n and navigable for many 
miles by small steamers. 

Heavy expenditures have recently been made in double tracking 
and otherwise improving the road and service on this parlof the line. 



Castle Rock 

Population: D9S 
Altitude: 59 ft. 



Kelso is also on the Cowlitz River near its junction witii the C()luiul)ia River. It is 
sui)i)lied with the conveniences of present day towns. It is a woodworking manu- 
facturing town and has also a fine agricultural country surrounding 
it, raising grain, vegetables and fruits. A considerable Cjuantity 
of fish are caught and packed here. 

The timber in the adjacent region has been and still is a very 
valuable asset commercially. The cut over lands, as they are 
called after the timber is gone, are equally valuable for dairying, 
fruit and general farming purposes. The winter seasons are mild and enjoyable. 



Kelso 

Population: 2,0->'.> 
Altitude: m ft. 



From Kalama the Northern Pacific track and trains now follow the north l)ank of 
the Columbia to Vancouver, \Va.shington, and thence into Portland. The old liinc 
ferriage of trains across the Columi)ia River between Kalama and 
Goble has cea.sed. Trains now cross the Columbia and Willamette 
rivers between Vancouver and I'orlland on new dnuhlc track 
bridges of finest construction. Kalama is near the mouth of 
the Cowlitz Itivcr and its junction with the Columbia. The town 
is picturcscjuely located on the river hills overlooking the noble 
ri\(r immortalized 1)\- Mrvant as the Oregon. 



Kalauiii 

Population: 81<i 
Altitude: 21 ft. 



\ Page f.O] 



Along the Scenic Highway 

\';mcoMvor, \\'a.sh., is tlic f>Ul historic seat of tlu- Hudson's Bay Co., tlie site of Kort 
^'aIlcouvlM•, one of tlie most attractive U. S. Army military posts in the country. The city 

is an interesting one, backed by a ricii fruit and agricultural region, 
\'uilC'() liver '^'''' '^ growing very rapidly. It has a heavy timber acreage with 
Wncli many saw mills tributary to it. It is in close communication with 

Portland by boat, steam, and trolley lines. 

Population: 9,300 Between Vancouver and Portland the Columbia and Willamette 

r^ Altitude: 4b it. . , , , , , 

ri^ rivers are spanned by new and enormous steel and concrete 

[f_ bridges carrying doul)le tracks, in which the Northern Pacific is a very heavy owner. 

G r a 1/ ' s Harbor Bra n c h Li n e 

Washington 

Klma, in the fertile Chehalis River valley, is a growing place surrounded by country 
well adapted to agriculture, with timber for fuel and commercial uses at hand in almost 

an unlimited quantity. 
-pi The timber resources of this region are almost beyond enu- 

meration. These consist of fir, spruce, cedar, ash and maple, and 
Population: 1,5-1-.' tliere arc large quantities of coal, brick and potters' clay, etc., also 
Altitude: 69 ft. found. The cut-over timber lands make the best of farms, and 

thej' are obtainable at low prices. 

Monte.sano, the county seat of Chclialis Coimty, is the head of navigation on the 
Chehalis River. It has many saw mills, sash and door, and woodworking factories, 
and is a thriving lumber town. The surrounding country is a good 
IVTontPSino farming country, dairying being made somewhat of a specialty. 

The region with its hills and vallevs, water courses and large 
Population: 2,iSS 1 , • ■ ^ r -u " r t -i 1 i 

'^ liarbor, is a verv interesting one with a climate mild and agrce- 

Altitude: 21 ft. ,, . « h 

•' able. 

These two cities are located on historic Gray's Harbor named after Capt. (iray 
the discoverer of it and also of the Columbia River. They are three miles apart. Their 
interests are essentially the same and consist largely of timber 
Al")Prf]ppn products, the same as do those of Cosniopolis and Montesano, 

their neighbors. Many saw and shingle mills, fish anil clam can- 
fopnlation. l-i.bbU series arc found here. Large cargoes of lumber and timber are 
Altitude. IJJt. shipped by water to distant ports from these busy cities. The 

H" harbor is a good one and there are magnificent forests tributary 

(jULlltllll ... , 1 » . 

to the nulls. \Vlien cleared the land makes good farms and fruit 

Population: 8,171 ranches. 

Altitude: 10 jt. This fact cannot be too strongly emphasized. 

Cosniopolis is another of the sturdy, growing lumber towns of the Gray's Harbor 
country. It lies across the Chehalis River from Aberdeen, has many saw mills and 

woodworking plants and is a modern lumber town. 

/^ !• What has been stated heretofore, regarding the timber values 

^ of the coast region and the conditions surrounding agriculture 

Population: 1132 j^jj^j dairying on the timber denuded lands, applies to the Graj''s 

Altitude: 11 jt. Harbor country as well. It is a country worth investigating by 

the homeseeker. 



Along the Scenic M i g h pi> a y 




AT SOITH HF.M), WASIIINCTON 



At Moc'lips, there is delightful ocean bathing. At Westport, Pacific, Sunset, and 
Moclips heaches, there are good hotels, fine white beaches and a surf that will prove 
most attractive to those who love a dip in the ocean wa\e. 

These beaches are really something very fine and a con\eni- t» «- i • t> •> 

ent train service between Moclips and the important central ^ 

coast cities is in effect during the tourist season. Allitude: 23 jt. 

A few miles above Moclips the Quiniut Indians may be 
seen on their reservation. They live in houses, fish, make baskets, and a trip to thcMr 
town of Granville is one of the diversions of a stay at Moclips. 



South Bend Branch — Washing ton 

Vr Ell is a lumber town. It has heavy bodies of timber tributary to it, among the 
varieties being alder, the only hardwood that grows on this part of the coast in com- 
mercial ciuantities. There is some undeveloped water power. The 
town is well supplied with stores, churches, etc. 

The region on the South IJend branch has been steadily forging 
to the front. .\s tlie timber is cut away the country will gradually 
change to an agricultural one and its continued growtli ami prosperity 
is thus assured. 



PeEll 

Population: 838 
Altitude: .',12jt. 



This stirring town is located on the \N'illa|)a Rixcr a short distance above Soull 
Bend. It is a thoroughly modern wood-manufacturing town on tidewater, with (>nor 
mous quantities of timber tril)utary. It is growing with phenomenal 
rapidity and is sujjplied with modern city conveniences. The river 
valley lanrls are rich and mature gooil crojjs of grain, fruit and 
vegetables. Free factory sites arc (ifl'(Te(i In manufacturing plants. 

The town is a comparatively new one and is ad\'antagcously 
located both as to timber resources and agricultural products. 



Raymond 

Population: 2,-'t50 
Altitude: 11 ft. 



South Rend is a \cry attractively located city on Willapa River just above its 
mouth. It is the terminus of the South IJend l)ranch line from (liehalis and is well 
equipped with .saw, planing and sash and door mills, fish canneries, 
etc. At Willapa I$av are found the finest oyster beds on the Pacific o ti i> l 

n f III" t t f "if < .1 n I >5outh ncnd 

Coast and large slupments ot oysters are made from Soulii liend 

to the Coast cities. The harbor here is well protected and capacious. Population: 3,023 
The fish and oysters and other sea food products are a valuable Altitude: 11 Jt. 

asset of this part of the coast. 

[ Page 62 ] 



Along the Scenic M i g h U? a y 




Portland 

Population: 207, 2H 
Altitude: .f 2 ft. 



Portland is one of the most beaiilifiil cities in the United States. It is a eity of 
homes and fruits and flowers, where roses thrive with riotous luxuriance and bloom 
outdoors almost ev'ery month of the year, and because of this 
and its annual fete of the "Rose Festival," it is known as the 
Rose City. The city is rapidly growing and has a rich region 
aggregating 240,000 square miles tributary to it in which agri- 
culture and horticulture thrive and flourish. In recent years 
there has been a large amount of building and Portland now 
boasts some of the finest skyscraper and other business blocks to be found in any city 
in the country. 

The hotels of Portland are many and of unusual excellence and the same may be 
said of the cafes. Its large stores, both wholesale and retail, are specially attractive. 

The city slopes upward and westward from the Willamette River to a range of 
hills from whose slopes and parks and summits may be luul a grand view of the city, 
valley, river, and mountain ranges, with five eternal snow peaks, varying in height from 
9,000 to nearly 15,000 feet above sea level, standing out in bold relief. 

Council Crest, a high and very prominent elevation back of the city, and reached 
by electric cars, should be visited by all means, as the finest view obtainable is to be 
found there. Not only is there to be had from its summit a good view of the city proper 
and its immediate environs, but one of the most notable views in the world lies before 
one. The beautiful valley of the Willamette River stretches to the south and, dotting 
the horizon, are the five white, ice covered peaks, Mt. Rainier, Mt. St. Helens, Mt. 
Adams, Mt. Hood, and Mt. JefTerson, together constituting one of the most magnificent 
mountain pictures to be found anywhere. 

The parks of Portland are a source of much pride to the city. The city park, on 
the lower hills back of the city is a fine and quite unusual park for a city park. 

Gladstone Park, near Oregon City, about thirty minutes' ride up the river by 
trolley cars, is something wholly different. It is a natural, wild domain of several 
hundred acres in which large native trees, ferns, mosses, flowers, natural sjjrings and 
running streams delight and refresh one. 

[ Payc i;J ] 



Along the Scenic H i g h U^ a y 





SUMMIT OK MX. noon, ouecon 



There are other park areas 
and breathing spots in different 
directions easily accessible to all. 

Portland has many miles oF 
shade trees along the streets and 
most of its residents take pride 
in keeping uj) beautiful grounds 
and gardens. On the east side 
of the Willamette the cilN' 
stretches away for many miles 
into the suburbs and the wlioic 
region is traversed by electric 
car lines. 

It is po.ssible to obtain a very 
complete idea of Portland by 
using the "Seeing Portland" 
car. This trip is a very popular 
one among tourists, and the car 
can be very conveniently taken 
at the Northern Pacific city 
ticket office, 255 Morrison Street. 

There are daily railway trains 
to Astoria, at the mouth of the 
Columbia River, also daily 
steamboats, and many steamers 
ply on both the rivers, bringing 
Inidi' (jf all kinds to Portland 
and covering 1,500 miles of 
inland water trans])ortation. Tlir 
charming trijts by water and lan( 




A UOSK iii;i)i;]: in imik 



HOSE THE CITY 



I rains and .sli'aiiurs |)r()vi(k' the means for m; 
I I lie ocean beaches near Astc^ria and IKvaco, 



my 
up 



Along the Scenic H i g h i^ a y 



l?^^-'^i?'5 




■1 'm&^mmi%mmf^^^a< <$^ii mmem £wrW: 



OME OHWJON" MOHTCAGE LIFTERS 



tlic <'oliiiiit)ia to the Cascade Rapids and the Dalles, and into the mountains. There are 
innninerahh' exenrsions tiiat can thns he niach' witii Porthmd as the center of operations. 

The distance from Portland to the sea is 110 miles. The Willamette River 
flows into the ('oinnihia twelve miles helow I'orlhnid and the large ocean vessels sail 
n[) to the Portland wharves. 

Ocean steamers connect Portland with San Francisco, and the ports of Enuland, 
Central .\merica, Japan, China, Australia, and Hawaii. Large shii)s load at Portland 
anrl carry the grain of the Pacific Northwest to the markets of the world Portland is 
not only the princpal wheat shippinjj port of the Pacific Xorthwest, hnt one of the 
great shipj)ing ])orts of the I'nited States. 

The Inmbering interests of Portlanrl are very important and the product reaches 
out in many directions. What was at the time, a few years since, the largest cargo of 
lumber ever loaded in the world, was carried from Portland on the steamer (denloehy 
and it measured .'5, 077, OS.) feet. It went to \liidivosloek. Siberia. 

Oregon has, l)y official estimates, .SOO billion feet of standing nierelianlable limber 
valued at nearly sj^^. 000.000,000. Oregon's annual output of lumber products reaches 
$.-)(),000,000 or $(iO,000.000 in value. Portland is the largest lumber shipping port in 
the world. 

There are larg<- areas of mining, lumljering, agricultural, wool-producing, and slock 
raising country tributary to Portland, and I heir trade is steadily increasing. 

I/Vyr(;.:| 



Along the Scenic Highway 




J^" 



'^^ '*!sf^^S^'%^^B^ 



'M 




H 




AN ALFALFA FIELD IN CENTRAL ORECON — ON OREGON TRUNK RAILWAY 



The Falls of the Willamette River, 
at Oregon City, twelve miles south of 
Portland, with an energy of 145,000 
horse power transmit l)y wire to 
Portland electrical power to run the 
street cars, light the city. ;ni(i for 
manufacturing jjurjjoses. 

Oregon ('ity hiis three of tiie 
largest paper mills in the country 
and the largest woolen mill on the 
west coast. The payroll of the three 
paper mills is $70,000 monthly. One 
mill has a daily output of 170 tons 
of newspaper and the annual output 
of the woolen mill is aliout $1.000,0()() 
in value. 

The lines of the Oregon Kleclric 
Railway and the I'nitcd Railways 
extend south and west from Portland, 
affording fref|uenl and conx'cnient 
passenger and frcigiit ser\ice to lliose 
sections. 

Spokane to Fort Id jk I 
via S. P. (^ S. 

At Spokane connection is made 
with the new Spokane, Portland & 
Seattle Railway, Ijuilt jointly hy the 




I I'wje r,<;\ 



Along the Scenic H i g h pO a y 




THINK HAILWAY, lENTRAL ORP'.ciOX 



Northern Pacific and Great Northern Lines (It)wn tlie north bank of the Coiunihia 
River to Porthind. This line provides a new and absohitely direct route to and from 
Portland for passengers over the Northern Pacific. It. to a great extent, opens a 
new country to settlement between Spokane and Pasc(j and provides another oppor- 
tunity to homeseekers for .acquiring new farm and other homes where land is still low 
priced. Calvert, Lamont, a railway l(>rminal witii round house, repair shops, etc., 
Waukee, Washtucna and Kahlotus, established towns, are places which will devdo]) 
into good towns in the future. 

At Pasco the Northern Pacific main line is again reached and the Northern Pacific 
track and bridge are used between Pasco and Kennewick in crossing the Columbia River. 

The scenery along the Columbia River, after leaving Kennewick, is the grandest 
river scenery in America, and the ride along the north bank of the stream shows it to 
supreme advantage. Just below Kennewick the mouth of the Snake River may be 
seen across the Columbia. 

The New Oregon Trunk Railway 

At Pallbridge on the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway, the Oregon Trunk 

Railway, another affiliated line of the Northern Pacific, leaves the S. P. & S. Ry. and, 

crossing the Columbia River on a fine new bridge (completed in 

December, 1911), follows the beautiful Deschutes River and 

Canyon into Central Oregon. 

The bridge, of steel and concrete and nearly 4, '200 feet 
long, crosses directly over Celilo Falls — called by Lewis and Clark 
the Great Falls — on an ascending grade of 25 feet to the mile. It is 50 feet above 
high water mark. 

This new line, with through train service to and from Portland, has opened uj) a 
large and very fertile part of Oregon hitherto without railway facilities. It is a section 

[ Page G7 ] 



Fallbridge 

Altitude: 169 ft. 



Along the Scenic Highway 




CASTLE HOCK AM) COI.IMIll A HI\ F.l! S. I'. .V S. HAH. WAY 



\vli<T<' liotli irri^.itcil ranniii;; and Avy l.\yn\\\\vi arc ciirricil (in, wlicrc climatic coiiiiition.s 
arc c()ii<;cnial, wlicrc good crops of all kinds ar<' raised, and wlicrc dair\int>' and stock 
raising; arc profitably ])iir.siicd. 

'I'licrc arc larjic areas of "lionicslcad" lands availahle it is the "Haven of the Home- 
steader," and. ])raclieally, the last extensive domain of these lands not .vet occupied. 
The .soil is rich and easily wnrke 1 and markets are i^ood. Improved lands are ohtainahlc 
ill very low prices. 

.\mnnn the towns that dot the rc^^ion and that arc ])rospei'ini; are Dnfur, Madras, 
Mclolius, ( 'ul\cr. Opal ( 'ity, Hclmond, Uend and l'rinc\ille. The honicseckcr or Noniif; 
hiisini ss man seeking- a virgin field thai surdy h.is .1 fnliirc shonl I invest it;atc this jiart 
of Orej^on served li> the Oregon 'I'rnnk Line. 

The Falls, an. I the cicl, rated Dalles, at (Jranddallcs, 1-2 miles hclow.are two of the 
historic points on IIk' river. 'I"hc stream works through an imnien.se lava flow, below 
the falls, in se\eral channels full of ra|)ids and swirls which ])revent navigation. The 
falls extend irregularly, entirely across the river. While not of great height they form 
a ()ictiire well worth seeing. .\l hi-h water the fails are i)iaclically obliterated, then 
showing only as a marked curve or rajiid. 'I"h<' Deschutes River fiows into the ( Dlum- 
bia River from the soulli at thi> point. While Lewis and Clark ran through the 
Dalles, as they an' known, vsilh their lioiiic-m.ide canoes, safciv but at imminent risk 
of lib', they [x^rtaged around tli<' falls. 

Indians are usually found along the river at Celihi I'aIN and tlic I)alh>. often en- 
gaged in spearing fish. These Indians represent several trilxs, t he I inal ill 1. 'S akinia. etc'. 

I /'"i/c 'i.v I 



Along the Scenic M i g h h> a y 




BEXD, OREGON, OX ()RF.(.C)\ TKINK HAII.WW INTO CKXTKAI, oHKIiOX 

At points along the ri\"ci' iti tlic \i(iiiil.\ (if tlic Dalles, Mt. Ilonil. lui llir Orct^on 
side, ll.'-2'-25 feet high and roNcreil with sihiw, may l)e seen. Hooii is (ine of liic i;reat 
gl leial j)eaks of the coast and forms a strilcing ])ieture of majesty and Ix'auty. l5elo\v 
th(> Dalies is Memaloose Isl md, an cl I l)urial grounil of the Indians. .V i)ioiieer white 
man is buried there and tlie monument seen marks his grave. 

\\. Lyle a liraneh line, iij) the Klickitat I{i\('r to Cioldendale, h'aves the main line. 
'I'lic (ioldcndale region is a ricii and fertile one and has long been noted ft)r its grain 
productivity. liKk-r the impetus given by the new railway along 
the north bank of the Columbia this entire region ha.s had a great 
awakening. It is already noted as a fruit country and orchards are 
rai)i(ily being multiplied all the way from Kennewick to ^'ancouver. 
Evidences of the transformation in progress can be seen from the train. 
Ilood River a[)i)les and strawberries have shown what this land and 
climate will do and Itie <'ntire Columbia Vallev is destined to become 



Lyle and 
Klickitat 
\'alley 

Altitude: 101 ft 



a vast fruit region. 

The scenery along the Columliia at liiis ])oint is of tlie su])erlati\(' ciia racier. 'JMie 
river is wide and deej), the mountains are high, timl)ered, l)roken int() palisades and 
detached peaks, and are most imposing in character. Scenically, 
this part of the Columbia Riv(>r cannot I)e siu'passed. 

Opposite While Salmon is Hood River, Oregon, noted for 
its superior fruit; White Salmon orchards are obtaining a like 
reputation. The lands are being taken up by a superior class 
of persons and orc-hards are rapidly being multiplie(i. 



White Salmon 

population: 6SJ 
Altitude: 101 ft. 



' Page ei'J ] 



Stevenson 

Population: 387 

Altitude: 9S ft. 

Cascades of the Cnlumbia 



Along the Scenic H i g h u? a y 

From Wliite Salmon and Hood Hivor, (loud Cap Inn. a delightful stopping,' place 
!ii<,di up on tlic slope of Mt. Hood, is reached by staj^e. 

Hdow White Salmon, Collins Hot S])rings, and Shipherd's Hot Si)rin>js, well-known 
as comfortable hot-springs recreation sjxjIs, arc passed. 

At Stevenson there is also a Hot Springs Sanatorimn. 

Between Stevenson and Cascades the Cascades of the 
Columbia form the marked feature of the river. This ob- 
stacle to navigation has been surmounted by the govern- 
ment constructing massive locks at a cost of $3,000,000 
through which steamers pass between the Dalles and tiie 
Lower River. 

The Cascades is tlie point where the Indians' mythical Bridge of the Gods was 
located. The high, vertical cliffs and palisades make this one of the most wild and 
imj)ressivc points along the river. 

Below the rushing Cascades Castle Hock looms up, a massive lava l)utte on the 
Washington side. This is the Beacon rock of Lewis and Clark and it is one of the 
prominent landmarks of the Columbia. 

Just before reaching Ca]H' Horn, Lone Rock rises from n<-ar the middle of the 
river, a black obelisk and landmark. The Cape Horn palisades rise in terraces high 
above and the railway has been tunneled through them. On the opposite shore, at 
intervals, several l)eautiful cascades and falls are seen. Among these are Multnomah, 
exceeding 800 feet in height, Horse Tail. Latourelle, Bridal \'cil and others. They 
form one of the most attractive features of llie Columbia River trip and are seen at 
their best from the Washington side. 

At Vancouver, Wash., as before staleil. tiie old Hudson's Bay Comjjany post of the 
early part of the 19th century, the train passes in siglU of Fort Vancouver, the (Jovern- 
mentpost. N'ancouver is a very attractive city, is rapidly grow- 
ing, and has a fertile coimtry to sui)p(irt it. 

Here the trains of both the Northern Pacific and the Spokane, 
Portland & Seattle railways cross the Columbia on one of the 
largest double-track steel bridges ever constructed, and just before 
entering Portland again cro.ss the Willamette I{iver on another 
double track steel bridge having the longest draw-span in tlic worlii, 

521 feet. Four million pounds of structural steel and iron were usetl in the construction 
of this one span. These bridges are among the very finest examples of recent bridge 
engineering and conslruction and ha\c attracted great attention. 



\ ancouver 
Wash. 

Population: 9,300 
Altitude: J,6 ft. 



[P^W'O] 



HE NORTHERN PAC^IFK^ RAH. WAY has Passenger Rcp- 

reseiitalivcs in llio leadint; cilios in the United States. 

For any details with reference to fares, train service, eomiec- 

tions, etc., or any fads which will aid yon in phmninga westward trip, 

(^ Q Q <"■ •' lonr of \'cnowsl()nc Pai'k, wrilc to: (^ Q Q 

Aberdeex-Hoqciam. Wash., '221 1). llcioii Si. .Aberdeen, K. A. Melveiiiia, (ieiieral Anient 

Atlanta, G.k.. Kt Nortli I'ryor St A. E. Ryan, Traveling Passenf^^er Ai^vwt 

Uellingham, Wash.. 1'-2'-2'2 Dock St A. N. lius.sing, General Agent 

Billings. Mont.. Mont. Ave. & '■2<Stii St J. E. Spurling, General Agent 

liosTON, Mas.s., 207 01(1 Sonth IJidg C. E. Fo.ster, Distriet Passenger Agent 

Buffalo, N. Y., 21.5 P^llicott Square Wni. G. Mason, Distriet Pa.s.senger Agent 

Butte, Mont., N. W. Cor. Park & Main Sts W. II. Merrinian. Div. Frt. & Pass. Agent 

, 1 . , o /^i 1 oi I ('. A. Matthews, General Agent Pa.s.senger Dent. 

C HICAGO, III., 144 So. Clark St. .^ j^, Thomp.son, Distriet Pa.ssenger Agvnt 

<'iNriNNATi, Ohio, 40 Ea.st Fourth Ave M. J. Costello, Di.strict Pa.ssenger Agent 

Des Moines. Iowa, ^l^-^U Centnry Bldg. . E. I). Hoekwell, Distriet Passenger Agent 

Detkoit, Mich., 42;3 Majestic Bldg'. . . . . . W. M. Whitaker District Pas.senger Agent 

rv Tvr <jo i iv t c • ct I J- I- Thomas, General Agent 

DuLUTH, Minn., .5.54 West Snpenor St.| ^, p o'Donnell. City Passenger Agent 

Everett, Wash., 282.5 Colby Ave C. O. Martin, General Agent 

r E. S. Richards, General Agent 

Helena. Mont., 117}^ Main St.-^ R. J. Dee. Trav. Frt. & Pass. Agent 

[ G. A. Miner. ( 'ity Passenger Agent 

Indianapolis, Ind., 42 Jackson Place W. E. Smith, District Passenger Agent 

Lewiston, Idaho, 319 Main St W. J. Jordan, General Agent 

Los Angeles, Cal., 52(i Sonth Spring St W. E. Swain, General Agent 

Milv.aukee, Wis., .'51G-17 Railway Exch. Bldg. . M. E. Harlan, District Passenger Agent 

Minneapolis, Minn., 19 Nicollet Block G. F. McNeill. City Pa.ssenger Agent 

Montreal, Que., Imp. Bk. Bldg., St. James St . .Tracy Howard, Dist. Pass. & Frt. x\gent 

New York City, 1244 Broadway W'. F. Mershon, General Agent, Pass. Dept. 

Philadelphia, Pa., 711 Cliestnnt St P. W. Pnmmill, District Passenger Agent 

Pittsburg, Pa., Room E Park Bldg C. E. Brison, District Passenger Agent 

Port Townsend, Wash.. 402 Water St W. L. Clark, Agent 

San Francisco, Cal., 685 Market St T. K. Stateler, General Agent, Pass. Dept. 

[ H. N. Kennedy, General Agent 

Seattle, W'ash., 1st Ave. and Yesler Way-< CM. Covell, Asst. General Agent 

[ J. O. McMuUen, City Passenger Agent 

f C. R. Lonergan, General Agent 

Spokane, Wash., 701 Spragiie Ave.-^ W. H. Ude, City Passenger Agent 

1^ L. M. Conry, Travi'ling Pa.s.senger Agent 

St. Louis, Mo., .'506 Cent. Nat'l Bank D. B. Gardner. District Passenger Agent 

St. Paul, Minn., 5th and Robert Sts C. L. Townscnd, City Passenger Agent 

o Tj i\T <iu I r> 1 f J. T. McKennev, District Passenesr Agent 

St. Paul, Minn., 4th and Broadway< t u r' n i^- i • t d \ * 

' ' •'X L. P. Gellerman, District Passenger Agent 

Superior, Wis., 920 Tower Ave W. H. Mitchell, Agent 

rr \x' m- r» -c * / C. B. Foster, Citv Passenger Agent 

Tacoma, Wash., 92o Pacinc Ave. < «' i i i? c i t^ r u \ t 

[ Ueljb t . Sater. 1 raveling Passenger Agent 

,• T, ,, ,„,, TT f Qi. f H. Swinford, General Agent 

\ ANCouvER, B. C, 4.50 Hastings St. /-> t7 t r-v t> * » 

" \ L . E. Lang, City Passenger Agent 

\'iCTORiA, B. C, Cor. Yates & Govt. Sts E. E. Blackwood, General Agent 

Walla Walla, Wash.. 3 E. Main St S. B. (Jalderhead, Ciencral Agent 

Wallace, Idaho, Station CM. Grubbs, General Agent 

Winnipeg, Man., 208 Portage Ave W. C Hartnett, General Agent 

PORTLAND, ORE., A. D. Charlton Assistant (Jeneral Pa.ssenger Agent 

ST. PAUL, MINX., Jno. C Poorc Assistant (Jeneral Passenger Agent 

J. G. WOOD WORTH, ^^ p^^-j^ MINN ^ ^^ CLELAND, 

Traffic Manager. .- . . . ^ . . (ieneral Passenger Agent. 

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